云南省易门县农村居民心脑血管疾病与饮食习惯的相关性研究

发布时间：2018-07-20 09:00

【摘要】：目的通过2011年5月云南省易门县现场收集的资料,分析云南省易门县18岁以上农村居民心脑血管疾病的患病现状和饮食习惯,探讨当地居民的饮食情况与心脑血管疾病的相关性,指导居民调整膳食结构,合理膳食。结合当地资源优势,提出防治心脑血管疾病的有效途径和建议,为心脑血管疾病的防治提供科学依据。方法(1)云南省易门县共9个乡镇,采用多阶段随机抽样的方法随机抽取易门县2个乡,从2个乡中随机抽取在家常住人口18岁及以上村民进行现场问卷调查和体检。(2)现场体检包括：身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压的测量和抽取空腹血,并检测空腹血总胆固醇、甘油三脂、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白。(3)应用食物频率法询问并记录调查人群在最近1年内常见食物的摄食次数、频率和数量,以反映研究对象较长时间内的营养素和膳食摄入状况。所有调查数据经确认核对无误后,应用SPSS17.0软件进行数据统计分析。结果(1)本次研究共调查615人,问卷应答率为99.5%,其中男性286人,占46.5%；女性329人,占53.5%。易门县农村居民吸烟率为24.2%,饮酒率为32.0%,超重率为26.9%,肥胖率为7.9%,腹部肥胖发生率为56.7%。(2)调查615人中有189人高血压,患病率为30.7%,男性有95人,患病率为33.2%；女性有94人,患病率为28.6%,随着年龄的增长,高血压患病率均呈现出上升趋势(P0.001)。高血压患病的多因素logtistic回归表明,男性患高血压的危险度是女性的1.73倍(OR=0.577)；吸烟是高血压的危险因素(OR=1.700),其危险度是非吸烟者的1.70倍。(3)调查615人中479人血脂异常,患病率为77.9%,男性有244人,患病率为85.3%；女性有235人,患病率为71.4%；男性血脂异常患病率高于女性(P0.001)。高血脂患病的多因素logtistic回归表明,男性患高血脂的危险度是女性的2.40倍(OR=0.417)；年龄较大的人群患高血脂的风险大于年龄小的人群(P0.05)。饮酒是高血脂的危险因素(OR=1.099),其危险度是非饮酒者的1.10倍。(4)膳食调查结果表明,易门县农村居民(标准人)总能量、维生素和矿物质的摄入量不足,特别是钙的摄入量仅占RN1s的54%。脂肪提供的能量偏高,60%以上的脂肪摄入量来源于动物性食物。膳食结构中主要是以谷类为主,畜禽肉的摄入量超过膳食宝塔参考摄入量,豆类及制品、奶类、蛋类和鱼类的摄入量低于膳食宝塔参考摄入量；动物油、食盐的摄入量较高。膳食多因素logtistic回归分析表明,薯类食物是高血压患病的保护因素,酒类和食盐是高血压患病的危险因素；薯类、豆类及制品和鱼类食物是高血脂患病的保护因素,食用动物油是高血脂患病的危险因素。结论云南省易门县农村居民的高血压和血脂异常患病率明显高于目前我国成人水平,居民的大部分膳食营养素摄入不足和饮食结构存在不合理的问题,不合理的饮食习惯对高血压和血脂水平都有影响,应积极倡导科学合理的饮食习惯和生活方式,调整饮食结构,提高健康水平,预防心脑血管疾病的发生,以降低心脑血管疾病对村民健康的危害。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the status and dietary habits of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Yimen County, Yunnan province in Yimen County, Yunnan province in May 2011, and to explore the relationship between local residents' dietary status and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, to guide residents to adjust diet structure and reasonable diet, and to combine the advantages of local resources. Effective ways and suggestions for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Methods (1) a total of 9 townships in Yimen County, Yunnan Province, 2 townships in Yimen County were randomly selected by multistage random sampling. A questionnaire survey and physical examination were carried out in 2 townships. (2) the physical examination included height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure measurement and extraction of empty stomach. Fasting blood total cholesterol, glycerol three fat, high-density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein. (3) use the food frequency method to inquire and record the number, frequency and quantity of food intake, frequency and quantity of the common food in the last 1 years to reflect the nutrition and dietary intake of the subjects for a long time. All survey data have been confirmed to be correct, Data statistics and analysis are carried out by using SPSS17.0 software.
Results (1) a total of 615 people were investigated. The response rate of the questionnaire was 99.5%, of which 286 were male, accounting for 46.5%, and 329 in women, accounting for 24.2% in 53.5%. Yimen County, 32% for drinking, 26.9% for overweight, 7.9% for overweight, and 7.9% for obesity, and the incidence of obesity in 56.7%. (2) of abdominal obesity. 95 people had a prevalence rate of 33.2% and 94 women with a prevalence rate of 28.6%. The prevalence of hypertension increased with age (P0.001). Multiple factors logtistic regression of hypertension showed that the risk of hypertension was 1.73 times (OR=0.577) for men (OR=0.577); smoking was a risk factor for hypertension (OR=1.700) and its risk degree It was 1.70 times that of non smokers. (3) 479 of 615 people were investigated with abnormal blood lipid, 77.9%, 244 men, 85.3%, 235 women, 71.4%, and male dyslipidemia (P0.001). The multifactor logtistic regression of hyperlipidemia showed that the risk of hyperlipidemia was 2.40 times that of women. (OR=0.417); older people had a higher risk of hyperlipidemia than those of younger people (P0.05). Drinking was a risk factor for hyperlipidemia (OR=1.099), with a risk of 1.10 times more dangerous than non drinkers. (4) dietary survey results showed that the total energy, vitamin and mineral intake of rural residents in Yimen County were insufficient, especially calcium intake. The energy of 54%. fat, which accounts for only RN1s, is high, and more than 60% of the fat intake is derived from animal food. The main dietary structure is cereals. The intake of livestock and poultry is more than the reference intake of the pagoda, and the intake of beans and products, milk, eggs and fish is lower than the reference intake of the pagoda; animal oil and food The intake of salt was higher. Logtistic regression analysis of dietary factors showed that potato food was a protective factor for hypertension, and alcohol and salt were risk factors for hypertension; potato, bean and fish food were the protective factors of hyperlipidemia, and edible animal oil was a risk factor for hyperlipidemia.
Conclusion the prevalence rate of hypertension and dyslipidemia in rural residents in Yimen County of Yunnan province is obviously higher than that of adults in our country. Most of the dietary nutrients in the residents are insufficient and the diet structure is unreasonable. The irrational diet habits have an impact on the level of hypertension and blood lipids, and we should actively advocate a scientific and rational diet. We should adjust our diet, improve our health level and prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, so as to reduce the harm of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases to the health of the villagers.
【学位授予单位】：昆明医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R151.3

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