西藏农村居民食物消费结构及膳食营养特征分析

发布时间：2018-07-21 11:46

【摘要】：食物消费量调查是分析居民膳食结构和营养特征,判断食物安全形势以及开展营养干预的一项基础性工作。本文选取西藏典型农牧区(拉萨、日喀则、山南和那曲地区),基于2010年农、牧户调研数据,重点分析了西藏农村地区居民食物消费结构特征及营养摄入水平。数据结果显示,研究地区膳食营养结构仍待完善。其中,糌粑、大米、面粉仍然是农、牧居民主要食物消费构成部分。肉类和奶类消费较高,远高于全国平均水平。其它食物消费种类中,如蛋类、猪肉、禽肉、豆制品、水果等需求明显不足,是导致居民膳食结构不均衡的主要原因,这与当地农村居民的饮食文化有关。蔬菜消费在农区消费数量较高,而在牧区消费数量较低,这与市场的通达性有关系。营养摄入分析结果显示,农、牧居民能量和蛋白质的摄入都基本满足了营养学会膳食营养素参考摄入量标准,但在拉萨和山南,农村居民脂肪摄入量仍显不足,这与两个地区居民肉类摄入不足有关。综上所述,虽然西藏农村居民膳食结构有所改善,但是其消费结构仍需完善,食物消费仍以本地消费为主,未来在加强西藏农村居民营养干预中,应该增加市场肉蛋奶等多种类食物供应量,扩大西藏农村地区食物的可达性,尤其是牧区,充分挖掘市场在当地农村居民膳食结构改善中所发挥的作用。本研究将为西藏农村地区居民膳食营养干预政策的制定和实施提供参考依据。
[Abstract]:The food consumption survey is a basic work to analyze the dietary structure and nutritional characteristics of residents, to judge the food safety situation and to carry out nutritional intervention. In this paper, the typical agricultural and pastoral areas of Tibet (Lhasa, Shigatse, Shannan and Nagqu) are selected. Based on the survey data of farmers and herdsmen in 2010, the food consumption in rural areas of Tibet is analyzed. Structural characteristics and nutrient intake levels. The data show that the dietary nutrition structure in the study area remains to be improved. Among them, the rice, rice and flour are still the main part of the agricultural and pastoral food consumption. The consumption of meat and milk is higher, far higher than the national average. In other food consumption types, such as eggs, pork, poultry, bean products, and water. The main reason for the disequilibrium of the residents' dietary structure is the lack of fruit demand, which is related to the food culture of the local rural residents. The consumption of vegetables in the rural areas is higher, but the consumption in the pastoral areas is low, which is related to the accessibility of the market. The results of nutrition intake analysis show that the energy and protein intake of farmers and pastoral people are taken. In Lhasa and Shannan, the fat intake of rural residents was still inadequate in Lhasa and Shannan, which was related to the insufficient intake of meat in the two regions. In summary, although the dietary structure of rural residents in Tibet improved, the consumption structure still needs to be improved and the food consumption is still local. In the future, in strengthening the nutrition intervention of rural residents in Tibet, we should increase the supply of many kinds of food, such as meat and egg milk, and expand the accessibility of food in rural areas of Tibet, especially in pastoral areas, fully excavate the role of the market in the improvement of local rural residents' dietary structure. This study will provide food for residents in rural areas of Tibet. It provides reference for formulation and implementation of food nutrition intervention policy.
【作者单位】：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;中国农业科学院农业信息研究所;河北工程大学;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金委重点项目(71233007) 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)现代高原地表圈层相互作用(XDB03030000) 中国博士后科学基金项目(2016M601195)
【分类号】：R151

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