云南会泽县和陕西镇安县初中生营养与食品安全的知识、态度、行为研究

发布时间：2018-07-24 15:22

【摘要】：目的本研究数据来源于联合国千年发展基金“改善中国最弱势妇女和儿童群体的营养、食品安全和食品保障状况”项目。调查云南与陕西贫困地区中学生的营养知识、态度和行为现状,分析其影响因素,为我国贫困地区初中生编写营养与食品安全教材提供信息,同时为今后开展中学生营养与食品安全教育干预提供依据。方法先采用随机抽样的方法,选取贫困地区两个贫困县云南会泽县与陕西镇安县,然后采用整群抽样的方法,对两个贫困县的8所中学24个班级的1002名学生进行了营养与食品安全的知识、态度、行为的问卷调查。收集学生家庭的一般情况基线资料和KAP问卷资料,进行营养与食品安全知识、态度、行为情况的比较分析。结果目标学校的初中学生营养与食品安全基础知识较为缺乏,平均得分为7.51±3.43分,答题正确率为41.7%±19.0%。仅“不良饮食行为与合理饮食”条目的正确率为55.7%±24.1%较高。“营养素缺乏症”条目正确率为34.8%±27.7%、“营养素功能与膳食来源”条目正确率为36.9%±34.4%和“食品安全基本知识”条目正确率为27.3%±19.2%都较低,为知识部分的薄弱环节。单因素分析显示性别不同的学生、留守与非留守学生和父母亲文化程度不同的学生知识部分得分均不同,差异具有统计学意义,P值分别为0.036、0.032和0.000.logistic回归分析显示,民族和年龄进入回归方程,OR值分别为1.928和1.247,提示年龄越大,营养与食品安全知识的知晓率越高；汉族学生比少数民族学生知识知晓率高。态度方面,对接受营养与食品安全教育的态度较好,平均得分为4.47±2.45分,积极态度占的比例为80.0%±14.8%。两县学生在“报纸、杂志和电视广告上关于营养与食品安全的信息是可靠的”条目与“一个人儿童时期的营养状况对于整个一生的健康是很重要的”条目上态度差异有统计学意义,P值分别为0.007和0.013。logistic回归分析显示,民族和不同地区两个因素进入方程，OR值分别为2.325和0.327,提示汉族学生比少数民族学生营养与食品安全知识态度更为积极,镇安县地区学生的态度更为积极。行为方面,两县学生健康行为的比例比较小,行为部分平均得分3.75±1.13分,其中会泽县学生平均得分3.83±0.98分,镇安县学生平均得分3.62±1.31分,会泽县学生较高,P=0.006。目标学生对于早餐、水果、蔬菜、肉类、奶类、蛋类、豆类食品的摄入频率均不足,仅有注意食物搭配的条目健康行为率超过50%,其他条目的健康行为率均比较低。logistic回归分析显示,性别与父亲的文化程度进入方程,OR值分别为0.702和1.303,提示女学生比男学生营养与食品安全行为更健康,父亲文化程度越高,还在的饮食行为更健康。结论1.会泽县和镇安县初中生营养与食品安全知识比较欠缺,饮食行为不健康,有待改善,但是对营养与食品安全的态度积极,适合开展宣教活动。2.年龄、性别、父母的文化程度、民族与是否留守都是学生营养与食品安全知识得分的主要影响因素。
[Abstract]:Objective this study was based on the United Nations Millennium Development Fund "improving the nutrition, food safety and food security status of the most vulnerable women and children in China". To investigate the nutritional knowledge, attitude and behavior status of middle school students in Yunnan and Shaanxi, and to analyze its influence factors and to prepare nutrition for junior high school students in poor areas in China. It provides information for food safety textbooks and provides a basis for future education intervention on nutrition and food safety among middle school students.
Methods the method of random sampling was used to select two poverty-stricken counties, Huize County, Yunnan Huize county and Zhen An county, Shaanxi, and then adopt a cluster sampling method to carry out a questionnaire survey on nutrition and food safety of 1002 students in 24 classes of 8 middle schools in two poverty-stricken counties. Baseline data and KAP questionnaires were used to compare knowledge, attitude and behavior of nutrition and food safety.
Results the basic knowledge of nutrition and food safety of junior middle school students in target schools was short, the average score was 7.51 + 3.43. The correct rate of correct answer rate was 41.7% + 19.0%. and the correct rate of "bad eating behavior and reasonable diet" was 55.7% + 24.1%. The correct rate of "nutritional deficiency" was 34.8% + 27.7%, "nutrition function and the function of nutrition deficiency". The correct rate of dietary sources is 36.9% + 34.4% and the correct rate of "basic knowledge of food safety" is 27.3% + 19.2%, which is a weak link in the knowledge part. Single factor analysis shows that the students with different sex are different in the knowledge part of the students who are different from the non left behind students and parents. The P values of 0.036,0.032 and 0.000.logistic regression analysis showed that national and age were entered into the regression equation, and the value of OR was 1.928 and 1.247 respectively. The higher the age, the higher the knowledge of nutrition and food safety, and the higher knowledge of Han students than those of the minority students.
In attitude, the attitude to nutrition and food safety education is better, the average score is 4.47 + 2.45 points, the proportion of positive attitude is 80% + 14.8%. two county students in "newspapers, magazines and TV advertisements on nutrition and food safety information is reliable" items and "a person's childhood nutrition status for the whole one." The health is very important. The difference in attitude is statistically significant. The P value of 0.007 and 0.013.logistic regression analysis showed that two factors in ethnic and different regions entered the equation, and the value of OR was 2.325 and 0.327 respectively, suggesting that Han students were more active than minority students in nutrition and food safety knowledge. The student's attitude is more active.
In behavior, the proportion of healthy behavior of students in two counties was small, and the average score of behavior was 3.75 + 1.13 points. The average score of the students in Huize county was 3.83 + 0.98 points, the average score of the students in Zhen An county was 3.62 + 1.31, the students in Huize county were higher. The intake frequency of P=0.006. target students for breakfast, water, vegetables, meat, milk, eggs, legumes Not enough, the healthy behavior rate of the items with only food collocation was over 50%. The healthy behavior rates of other items were low.Logistic regression analysis showed that gender and father's educational level entered the equation, and the value of OR was 0.702 and 1.303 respectively, suggesting that female students were healthier than male students in nutrition and food safety behavior, and the higher the father's education level, The eating behavior is healthier.
Conclusion 1. the knowledge of nutrition and food safety in junior middle school students in Huize and Zhen An county is short of knowledge, eating behavior is not healthy and needs to be improved, but the attitude to nutrition and food safety is positive. It is suitable to carry out.2. age, sex, parents' educational level, National and food safety knowledge, which are the main points of students' knowledge of nutrition and food safety. Influencing factors.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R151

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