基于人体肾功能的尿镉、大米镉和土壤镉基准剂量研究
发布时间：2018-08-03 21:29
【摘要】：目的:1.了解湖北某非典型镉污染地区人群肾功能健康情况,估算尿镉(Urinary Cadmium,U-Cd)基准计量(Benchmark dose,BMD)及其下限值(Lower Confidence Limit of the Benchmark Dose,BMDL);2.建立土壤镉(Soil Cadmium,S-Cd)含量和大米镉(Rice Cadmium,R-Cd)与肾功能损伤之间的关联性研究,探索S-Cd和R-Cd与肾功能健康效应指标尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(Urinary N-Acety-β-D-Glucosaminidase,U-NAG)和尿 β_2-微球蛋白(Urinary β_2-Microglobulin,U-β_2MG)之间的剂量效应关系,估算二者的BMD/BMDL。方法:选择湖北省某非典型镉污染地区作为调查地点,选取该地区5个行政区居民作为调查对象,通过发放调查问卷的方式采集调查人群基本信息。在第一阶段的研究中,采集目标人群1(共1828人)的晨尿并且检测其中U-Cd、U-NAG以及U-β_2MG的含量,用回归分析及卡方检验等相关分析方法探究U-Cd与效应指标U-NAG和U-β_2MG之间的关系,并用基准计量软件(Benchmark dose system,BMDS)评估U-Cd的BMD和BMDL;在第二阶段研究中,采集目标人群2(共97人)的晨尿、他们所食用的大米样品及种植对应该水稻的土壤样品,用相关分析、回归分析、卡方检验及通径分析等方法探究S-Cd、R-Cd与U-Cd、U-NAG和U-β_2MG之间的关系,用BMDS软件评估S-Cd和R-Cd的BMD/BMDL。结果:第一阶段研究结果显示,调查人群中U-Cd、U-NAG和U-β_2MG水平均存在一定程度的超标现象;经线性回归分析、卡方检验及线性卡方检验确定,U-NAG和U-β_2MG水平与U-Cd之间均存在显著正向关系,且U-β_2MG较U-NAG更为明显;经BMDS软件估算表明,当以U-β_2MG作为效应指标时得到男性人群U-Cd的 BMDL 值为 1.19 μg/g Cr,女性 1.09 μg/g Cr,总人群1 19 μg/g Cr。得到 U-Cd的BMDL都比国内镉污染区暴露人群的U-Cd接触限值5 μg/g Cr低很多。第二阶段研究结果,该地区S-Cd含量超标率为57.73%,R-Cd含量超标率为17.53%。由此可见,该地区的土壤镉以及大米镉污染情况已经非常严重;经相关分析、通径分析等确定大米镉含量与土壤镉含量之间存在显著正向相关关系,土壤镉和大米镉均与U-Cd、U-NAG和U-[β_2MG之间存在显著相关关系;将土壤镉和大米镉含量数据处理为二分类数据,用BMDS软件估算这二者的限值水平。得到土壤镉的BMD/BMDL 为 0.18/0.14 mg/kg,大米镉的 BMD/BMDL 为 0.09/0.06 mg/kg。结论:1.证实了土壤中的镉通过水稻根部吸附进而在人体中富集的这一迁移路线,说明土壤镉和大米镉可作为环境镉污染的监测指标,在环境镉暴露评估中实施。2.以较为敏感的U-β_2MG作为效应指标得到U-Cd的BMDL水平为1.09-1.19 μg/g Cr,低于国内镉污染区暴露人群的U-Cd接触限值5 μg/g Cr。建议在进行环境镉污染风险评估时,采用较为敏感的U-β_2MG作为效应指标,适当降低U-Cd的生物接触限值。3.以较为敏感的U-β_2MG作为效应指标得到土壤镉BMDL为0.14mg/kg,大米镉的BMDL为0.06 mg/kg,均低于我国现行的相关标准。与日本相关研究比较,结果也非常相近。建议在土壤镉和大米镉标准的制定中适当降低其限值水平。
[Abstract]:Objective: 1. to understand the health of renal function in a population of atypical cadmium pollution in Hubei, and to estimate the Urinary Cadmium (U-Cd) baseline measurement (Benchmark dose, BMD) and its lower limits (Lower Confidence Limit of the Benchmark); and 2. to establish soil cadmium content and rice cadmium and kidney function loss. The relationship between S-Cd and R-Cd and renal function health effect index between N- acetyl - beta -D- aminoglucosidase (Urinary N-Acety- beta -D-Glucosaminidase, U-NAG) and urinary beta _2- microglobulin (Urinary beta _2-Microglobulin, U- beta) A typical cadmium contaminated area was used as the survey site, and 5 residents in the area were selected as the investigation object to collect the basic information of the population by issuing questionnaires. In the first stage, the morning urine of 1 (1828 people) of the target population was collected and the content of U-Cd, U-NAG and U- beta _2MG were detected, and the regression analysis and card were used. The relationship between U-Cd and effect index U-NAG and U- beta _2MG was explored by square test and other correlation analysis methods, and BMD and BMDL on U-Cd (Benchmark dose system, BMDS) were used to evaluate the BMD and BMDL of U-Cd. In the second stage, the morning urine of 2 (97 people) of the target population, the rice samples they were eaten and the soil samples of the rice were planted. The correlation analysis, regression analysis, chi square test and path analysis were used to explore the relationship between S-Cd, R-Cd and U-Cd, U-NAG and U- beta _2MG. The BMDS software was used to evaluate the BMD/BMDL. results of S-Cd and R-Cd. Analysis, chi square test and linear chi square test confirmed that there was a significant positive relationship between U-NAG and U- beta _2MG level and U-Cd, and U- beta _2MG was more obvious than U-NAG. The BMDS software estimated that when U- beta _2MG was used as the effect index, the BMDL value of U-Cd in male population was 1.19 mu, and the total population was 119 mu. The BMDL of U-Cd to U-Cd was much lower than that of the domestic exposed population exposed to cadmium 5 mu g/g Cr. The second stage results showed that the excess rate of S-Cd content in this area was 57.73%, the excess rate of R-Cd content was 17.53%., and the soil cadmium and rice and cadmium pollution in this area were very serious; through correlation analysis, path analysis and so on There is a significant positive correlation between the content of rice and cadmium and the content of cadmium in soil. There is a significant correlation between cadmium and rice and cadmium in soil and U-Cd, U-NAG and U-[beta _2MG. The data of cadmium and rice and cadmium in soil are processed into two classification data, and BMDS software is used to estimate the limit level of the two. The BMD/BMDL of soil cadmium is 0.18/0.14 mg/ Kg, the BMD/BMDL of rice cadmium is 0.09/0.06 mg/kg. conclusion: 1. confirms the migration route of cadmium in soil by adsorption of rice root and then in human body. It shows that soil cadmium and rice and cadmium can be used as monitoring indexes of environmental cadmium pollution. In environmental cadmium exposure assessment,.2. is more sensitive U- beta _2MG as the effect index. The BMDL level of U-Cd is 1.09-1.19 mu g/g Cr, which is lower than the U-Cd contact limit of exposed population in the domestic cadmium polluted area. 5 mu g/g Cr. suggests that the sensitive U- beta _2MG is used as the effect index when evaluating the risk of environmental cadmium pollution. The cadmium BMDL is 0.14mg/kg and the BMDL of rice and cadmium is 0.06 mg/kg, which are lower than the relevant standards in China. Compared with the related studies in Japan, the results are very similar. It is suggested that the limit level of the soil cadmium and rice cadmium standards should be reduced properly.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R114
本文编号：2163047
[Abstract]:Objective: 1. to understand the health of renal function in a population of atypical cadmium pollution in Hubei, and to estimate the Urinary Cadmium (U-Cd) baseline measurement (Benchmark dose, BMD) and its lower limits (Lower Confidence Limit of the Benchmark); and 2. to establish soil cadmium content and rice cadmium and kidney function loss. The relationship between S-Cd and R-Cd and renal function health effect index between N- acetyl - beta -D- aminoglucosidase (Urinary N-Acety- beta -D-Glucosaminidase, U-NAG) and urinary beta _2- microglobulin (Urinary beta _2-Microglobulin, U- beta) A typical cadmium contaminated area was used as the survey site, and 5 residents in the area were selected as the investigation object to collect the basic information of the population by issuing questionnaires. In the first stage, the morning urine of 1 (1828 people) of the target population was collected and the content of U-Cd, U-NAG and U- beta _2MG were detected, and the regression analysis and card were used. The relationship between U-Cd and effect index U-NAG and U- beta _2MG was explored by square test and other correlation analysis methods, and BMD and BMDL on U-Cd (Benchmark dose system, BMDS) were used to evaluate the BMD and BMDL of U-Cd. In the second stage, the morning urine of 2 (97 people) of the target population, the rice samples they were eaten and the soil samples of the rice were planted. The correlation analysis, regression analysis, chi square test and path analysis were used to explore the relationship between S-Cd, R-Cd and U-Cd, U-NAG and U- beta _2MG. The BMDS software was used to evaluate the BMD/BMDL. results of S-Cd and R-Cd. Analysis, chi square test and linear chi square test confirmed that there was a significant positive relationship between U-NAG and U- beta _2MG level and U-Cd, and U- beta _2MG was more obvious than U-NAG. The BMDS software estimated that when U- beta _2MG was used as the effect index, the BMDL value of U-Cd in male population was 1.19 mu, and the total population was 119 mu. The BMDL of U-Cd to U-Cd was much lower than that of the domestic exposed population exposed to cadmium 5 mu g/g Cr. The second stage results showed that the excess rate of S-Cd content in this area was 57.73%, the excess rate of R-Cd content was 17.53%., and the soil cadmium and rice and cadmium pollution in this area were very serious; through correlation analysis, path analysis and so on There is a significant positive correlation between the content of rice and cadmium and the content of cadmium in soil. There is a significant correlation between cadmium and rice and cadmium in soil and U-Cd, U-NAG and U-[beta _2MG. The data of cadmium and rice and cadmium in soil are processed into two classification data, and BMDS software is used to estimate the limit level of the two. The BMD/BMDL of soil cadmium is 0.18/0.14 mg/ Kg, the BMD/BMDL of rice cadmium is 0.09/0.06 mg/kg. conclusion: 1. confirms the migration route of cadmium in soil by adsorption of rice root and then in human body. It shows that soil cadmium and rice and cadmium can be used as monitoring indexes of environmental cadmium pollution. In environmental cadmium exposure assessment,.2. is more sensitive U- beta _2MG as the effect index. The BMDL level of U-Cd is 1.09-1.19 mu g/g Cr, which is lower than the U-Cd contact limit of exposed population in the domestic cadmium polluted area. 5 mu g/g Cr. suggests that the sensitive U- beta _2MG is used as the effect index when evaluating the risk of environmental cadmium pollution. The cadmium BMDL is 0.14mg/kg and the BMDL of rice and cadmium is 0.06 mg/kg, which are lower than the relevant standards in China. Compared with the related studies in Japan, the results are very similar. It is suggested that the limit level of the soil cadmium and rice cadmium standards should be reduced properly.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R114
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