空气中硫酸含量测定的方法筛选研究

发布时间：2018-08-04 15:10

【摘要】：现状：（1）随着国民经济的发展，苏州地区的工业规模不断扩张，企业中硫酸的使用大量增加，并且领域广泛，接触者众多，大量含硫燃料的使用以及烟花爆竹等含硫产品的大量使用也增加空气中硫氧化物含量，造成酸雨的机会增多，大气环境中的硫酸检测需要寻找适宜方法用来监测大气中硫酸的含量。（2）本实验室经常接触到开发区区域内诸多企业的工作场所空气中的硫酸样品，随着区域不断发展，企业规模不断扩大，在实际工作中，工作场所空气中硫酸检测需求量不断增大，所以工作场所空气中硫酸的检测也需要寻找适宜的方法。（3）根据文献报道空气中硫酸的检测方法目前大致有直接容量法，温度-滴定法[1]，化学重量法，离子色谱法［2］与分光光度法(氯化钡比浊法，铬酸钡比色法)，荧光光谱法等几种重要方法。（4）由于每个分析实验室的条件相同，需求不同，能力不同，设备不同，方法的适用性必然不同，面对这样的现实需求，必然要对检测方法提出需要比较筛选的必然性和实用性。因此我们根据本实验室现有条件对常用的几种能实际操作检测方法进行比较及筛选。目的：通过对作业场所空气中硫酸含量检测方法的筛选研究，比较不同方法的优缺点及适用条件，筛选出最适合本单位的检测方法，并为具备不同检测条件和需要的单位和机构提供参考。方法：通过较为规范的科研设计，对现有常用的检测空气中硫酸含量的方法进行对比研究，通过对不同方法测量不确定度评定［3］，精确度和准确度高低、检出限高低、操作难易、时间长短、步骤繁简、设备和试剂投入多少、以及个自适应条件等方面的比较，方法研究部分共分五个部分来揭示五种不同方法的特点和适用条件。测量不确定度是反映检测结果可信度的一个重要参数，是衡量检测结果的重要的指标，从而可以直观地比较出几种测定方法优劣，从而筛选出鉴定检测中使用的测量空气中硫酸的最佳方法。结果：通过对温度-滴定法，化学重量法，氯化钡分光光度法和铬酸钡分光光度法，离子色谱法这五种常用的不同的测定空气中硫酸的方法进行测量不确定度评定，精确度和准确度高低、检出限高低、操作难易、时间长短、步骤繁简、设备和试剂投入多少、以及个自适应条件等方面的比较与筛选，结果表明五种方法各有其优缺点，，综合比较下来，离子色谱法是最简单，省时，经济，环保的分析方法。结论：离子色谱法测定空气中硫酸的方法是最佳检测方法。
[Abstract]:Current situation: (1) with the development of the national economy, the industrial scale in Suzhou is expanding, the use of sulfuric acid in enterprises is increasing, and the field is wide, and the contacts are numerous. The use of a large amount of sulfur-containing fuels, as well as the heavy use of sulfur-containing products such as fireworks and firecrackers, also increase the content of sulphur oxides in the air and increase the chances of acid rain. The detection of sulfuric acid in the atmospheric environment needs to find suitable methods for monitoring the content of sulfuric acid in the atmosphere. (2) our laboratory is in frequent contact with sulphuric acid samples in the workplace of many enterprises in the development zone. With the continuous development of the region and the expansion of the scale of the enterprise, the demand for sulphuric acid detection in the workplace air is increasing in practice. Therefore, the detection of sulfuric acid in the air in the workplace also needs to find a suitable method. (3) according to the literature report, there are direct volumetric method, temperature-titration method [1], chemical gravimetric method. Ion chromatography [2] is different from spectrophotometry (barium chloride turbidimetry, barium chromate colorimetry), fluorescence spectrometry and other important methods. (4) because of the same conditions, different requirements, different capabilities and different equipments in each analytical laboratory, The applicability of the method must be different. In the face of such a realistic demand, it is necessary to put forward the necessity and practicability of comparison screening for the detection method. Therefore, according to the existing conditions of our laboratory, we compare and screen several commonly used practical detection methods. Objective: to compare the advantages and disadvantages and applicable conditions of different methods for the determination of sulfuric acid in the air of workplace, and to select the most suitable method for the determination of sulfuric acid in the air of the workplace. And provides the reference for the unit and the organization which has the different examination condition and the need. Methods: through the more standard scientific research design, the present commonly used methods to detect the sulfuric acid content in the air were compared and studied. [3] the accuracy and accuracy of the different methods were evaluated, and the detection limit was high and low. Compared with the easy operation, the length of time, the complexity of steps, the amount of equipment and reagent input, and an adaptive condition, the method research part is divided into five parts to reveal the characteristics and applicable conditions of five different methods. The uncertainty of measurement is an important parameter to reflect the reliability of the test results and an important index to measure the test results. Thus, several measuring methods can be compared intuitively. Therefore, the best method for the determination of sulfuric acid in air was selected. Results: the uncertainty of measurement of sulfuric acid in air was evaluated by temperature titration, chemical gravimetry, barium chloride spectrophotometry, barium chromate spectrophotometry and ion chromatography. The comparison and screening of accuracy and accuracy, detection limit, operation difficulty, length of time, step complexity, input of equipment and reagent, and an adaptive condition show that each of the five methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. Compared with each other, ion chromatography is the most simple, time-saving, economical and environmental-friendly analytical method. Conclusion: ion chromatography is the best method for the determination of sulfuric acid in air.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R122.1

【参考文献】