儿童青少年体质健康综合评价

发布时间：2018-08-11 20:05

【摘要】：第一部分儿童青少年体质健康综合评价方法及其应用目的：构建儿童青少年体质健康综合评价指标体系及理论模型，对儿童青少年个体、群体体质健康状况进行综合评价。方法：查阅大量相关文献，运用专题小组讨论、选题小组讨论和专家评估讨论等方法建立儿童青少年体质健康综合评价指标体系；应用德尔菲法搜集咨询专家的意见，采用系统工程中的层次分析法进行量化，最终确定各评价指标的权重系数；用整群随机抽样方法，在哈尔滨、武汉、湘潭、广州等4地开展儿童青少年体质健康状况调查，运用模糊数学评判方法对不同地区儿童青少年的群体体质健康状况进行评价。结果：建立了儿童青少年体质健康综合评价方法。确定身体形态、生理功能、身体素质、心理健康、身体健康等评价指标，他们的权重系数为0.1535、0.1535、0.2250、0.1535、0.3145。4地区儿童青少年群体体质健康综合评价，广州地区体质健康综合评判分最高为72.6502，其次为湘潭71.5979、哈尔滨71.1200，武汉最低70.8483，差异具有统计学意义（p0.05）。结论：儿童青少年体质健康综合评价体系能够有效评估儿童青少年的体质健康状况，4地区儿童青少年群体体质健康比较，广州优于哈尔滨、武汉、湘潭等地。第二部分超重、肥胖对儿童青少年身体素质、心理健康的影响目的：了解儿童青少年超重、肥胖的发生情况，分析超重、肥胖对身体素质和心理健康的影响，为下一步提高儿童青少年身体、心理健康水平提供可靠的理论依据。方法：对4292名儿童青少年肥胖、超重的发生率在性别及年龄上的分布差异进行比较，并进一步分析超重组、肥胖组儿童青少年和正常组儿童青少年在身体素质和心理健康上的差异。结果：4292名儿童青少年中，超重和肥胖的发生率分别为10.41%和5.66%，各年龄段上男生超重和肥胖发生率均高于女生，差异具有统计学意义（p0.05），且儿童青少年肥胖、超重发生率有随年龄上升而下降的趋势；超重组、肥胖组儿童青少年身体素质水平较体重正常组差，差异具有统计学意义（p0.05）；超重、肥胖儿童青少年与体重正常儿童青少年相比心理健康受损不明显（p0.05）。结论：超重、肥胖的发生表现为儿童期高于青少年期，男生高于女生；且伴随着超重肥胖的出现，会对男、女生的身心健康产生一系列影响。
[Abstract]:The first part is the comprehensive evaluation method of physical health of children and adolescents and its application objective: to construct a comprehensive evaluation index system and a theoretical model for the physical health of children and adolescents. The group constitution health condition carries on the comprehensive appraisal. Methods: a large number of relevant documents were reviewed, and the methods of panel discussion, topic selection discussion and expert evaluation were used to establish a comprehensive evaluation index system for children and adolescents' physical health, and Delphi method was used to collect the opinions of consulting experts. Using the analytic hierarchy process in system engineering to quantify and finally determine the weight coefficients of each evaluation index; using cluster random sampling method to carry out physical health investigation of children and adolescents in Harbin, Wuhan, Xiangtan, Guangzhou, etc. The physical health status of children and adolescents in different areas was evaluated by fuzzy mathematics evaluation method. Results: a comprehensive evaluation method of physical health of children and adolescents was established. To determine the evaluation indexes of body shape, physiological function, physical fitness, mental health, physical health and so on, their weight coefficient was 0.15350.1535 / 0.2250 / 0.1535 / 0.3145.4 Comprehensive evaluation of physical health of children and adolescents in the area. The highest score of comprehensive evaluation of physical health in Guangzhou was 72.6502, followed by Xiangtan 71.5979, Harbin 71.1200, Wuhan the lowest 70.8483, the difference was statistically significant (p0.05). Conclusion: the comprehensive evaluation system of physical health of children and adolescents can effectively evaluate the physical health status of children and adolescents. Guangzhou is better than Harbin Wuhan Xiangtan and so on. The second part is the influence of overweight and obesity on the physical quality and mental health of children and adolescents objective: to understand the occurrence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, and to analyze the effects of overweight and obesity on physical fitness and mental health. To provide a reliable theoretical basis for the next step to improve the physical and mental health of children and adolescents. Methods: 4292 children and adolescents who were obese and overweight were compared in sex and age distribution, and the superrecombination was analyzed. Differences in physical and mental health between obese and normal children and adolescents. Results among 4292 children and adolescents, the prevalence of overweight and obesity were 10.41% and 5.66%, respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys was higher than that in girls in all ages (p0.05). The incidence of overweight decreased with age, and the physical quality of children and adolescents in overweight group was worse than that in normal group (p0.05). The mental health impairment of obese children and adolescents was not significant compared with normal weight children and adolescents (p0.05). Conclusion: the occurrence of overweight and obesity is higher in childhood than in adolescence and higher in boys than in girls, and the appearance of overweight and obesity will have a series of effects on the physical and mental health of boys and girls.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R179

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