重庆市住宅环境及居民呼吸类疾病调查

发布时间：2018-08-14 10:34

【摘要】：住宅环境及居民生活习惯对居民健康影响的问卷调查研究于2012年4月于重庆展开。本文主要分析了对重庆市民呼吸类疾病的影响。此调查分为两个阶段，第一个阶段为现状研究阶段，我们通过问卷对重庆市两所小学共1348户住宅的住宅环境及其居民的生活习惯和健康状况进行了调查，问卷反馈率为79%。通过对问卷中居民健康状况的统计，发现小学生的呼吸类疾病发病率约为30%，成年男女的呼吸类疾病约为15%，而老年人的呼吸类疾病发病率约为8%，呼吸类疾病对儿童的影响是最大的。心血管类疾病和风湿类疾病则是随着年龄的增长出现越来越高的发病率，对于心血管疾病，小学生发病率为0.3%，成年男性和成年女性为2.1%和2.2%；对于风湿类疾病，小学生发病率为1.2%，成年男女分别为3.1%和4.5%。本文分析了影响小学生儿童，成年男性，成年女性呼吸类疾病的室内环境因素和行为习惯因素。在经过单因素和多因素logistic回归分析后，得出与小学生呼吸类疾病有显著关系的因素有建筑500米内是否有污染的水源，建筑500米内是否有喧杂的街道，开窗时空气是否得到改善，冬季卧室照射到阳光的时间，卫生间是否有异味，视觉环境是否良好共六种因素；与成年男性呼吸类疾病有显著关系的因素有主干道与住宅的距离是否小于200米，建筑500米内是否有垃圾场，厨房油烟量的多少，每天使用电脑时间是否大于六小时，，从室外回到家中是否感觉有异味，主卧是否有异味，卫生间是否有异味，视觉环境是否良好共八种因素；与成年女性呼吸类疾病有显著关系的因素有客厅开窗时间，厨房油烟状况，室内吸烟状况，室内空气品质状况和听觉环境是否良好共五种因素。在第二阶段入户调研的阶段，我们发现重庆住宅装修时间在一年内的甲醛超标率严重，超标率达65.0%，而装修时间在一年以上的住宅情况依然严重，超标率为23.6%。住宅各个房间的甲醛污染浓度中，卧室最严重，书房其次，客厅污染最轻。
[Abstract]:A questionnaire study on the effects of residential environment and living habits on residents' health was conducted in Chongqing in April 2012. This paper mainly analyzes the effect of respiratory diseases on Chongqing residents. This investigation is divided into two stages. The first stage is the current situation research stage. We investigated the residential environment and residents' living habits and health status of 1348 houses in two primary schools in Chongqing. The feedback rate of the questionnaire is 79%. Through the statistics of the health status of the residents in the questionnaire, It was found that the incidence of respiratory diseases in primary school students was about 30 percent, that in adult men and women was about 15 percent, and that in the elderly was about 8 percent. The effect of respiratory diseases on children was the greatest. Cardiovascular diseases and rheumatic diseases increase with age. For primary school students, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases is 0.3%, for adult males and females is 2.1% and 2.2%; for rheumatic diseases, The incidence of primary school students was 1.2 and that of adult males and females was 3.1% and 4.5% respectively. The indoor environmental factors and behavioral habit factors affecting respiratory diseases in primary school children, adult males and adult females were analyzed. After univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, it was concluded that the factors significantly related to respiratory diseases of primary school students were whether there were polluted water sources within 500m of buildings, whether there were noisy streets within 500m of buildings, and whether the air was improved when windows were opened. The time when the bedroom is exposed to the sun in winter, whether the bathroom has odour or not, whether the visual environment is good or not is six factors. The main road and the distance between the house and the main road are significantly related to the respiratory diseases of adult male. Whether the distance between the main road and the house is less than 200 meters, Is there a garbage dump within 500 meters of the building, the amount of cooking fume in the kitchen, whether the time of using the computer is more than six hours a day, whether there is a peculiar smell in the home from outside, whether the main bedroom has a peculiar smell, and whether the toilet has a peculiar smell. There were eight factors of good visual environment and five factors of significant relationship with respiratory diseases of adult women, such as sitting room window opening time, kitchen oil smoke status, indoor smoking status, indoor air quality status and sound environment. In the second stage of household investigation, we found that the formaldehyde exceeding standard rate of Chongqing residence decoration time is serious in one year, the exceeding standard rate is 65.0, and the housing decoration time is more than one year, the situation is still serious, the exceeding standard rate is 23.6. Residential rooms of formaldehyde pollution concentration, the bedroom is the most serious, the study next, the living room pollution is the lightest.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X508;R126.8

【参考文献】