上海市长寿路社区学龄前儿童营养状况调查及健康教育
发布时间：2018-08-15 17:12
【摘要】：研究背景：营养过剩是指摄入某种或某些营养素过多后产生的营养代谢异常,常表现为超重及肥胖。2005年全国调查相关报道显示,沿海大城市中儿童青少年超重率已增至14.1%～19.3%,肥胖率6.0%-13.2%。其中上海学龄前儿童总超重率已达15.1%,其中肥胖占6.9%。而且还在逐年增加。当前在发达国家中,儿童肥胖问题已愈来愈收到医学界和社会各界的关注。因为营养过剩导致的儿童肥胖和营养不良一样,同样在影响着儿童、青少年的正常发育,给健康带来一定的危害。 儿童肥胖的发生、发展遵循的生理机制依次为：能量摄入、能量消耗、能量储存增加、体脂累积并最终产生肥胖肥胖,受遗传、环境因素共同影响。遗传决定肥胖的易感性,但个体是否真的成为肥胖,须由环境因素决定。近年来伴随都市化、工业化、生活现代化进程加快,一些环境因素正通过以下途径加速儿童肥胖流行：1.膳食热量过多；2.体力活动不足；3.生活方式由“动”趋“静”。与此同时,群众的营养健康知识缺乏、儿童的不良饮食生活行为、各种不良社会因素(如单纯追逐盈利的食品营销手段、“胖就是健康”等陈旧观念)等,共同构成“肥胖易感环境”。 研究目的：了解长寿路社区学龄前儿童的营养状况及家长、幼托机构工作人员的营养知识、态度和行为现状,并进行健康教育以降低营养过剩的发生率。 研究方法：采用分层随机抽样的方法,选取长寿路社区各幼托机构的360名儿童及其家长以及幼托机构工作人员作为样本,对其进行健康体检,计算BMI指数,并建立健康档案；应用自行设计的营养知识、态度、行为(简称K-A-P)调查问卷进行调查；对样本儿童家长及幼托机构工作人员以及社区居民进行为期9个月的健康教育；干预后体检及K-A-P问卷；对健康教育前后的体检结果及K-A-P问卷结果进行统计分析。 主要研究结果：参照徐秀等所著上海地区0-6岁儿童BMI的参考值,以BMI指数为参数,取18.1BMI19.4为超重,取BMI指数≥19.4为肥胖。 健康教育前：长寿路社区学龄前儿童的平均BMI指数为15.86+1.55,超重儿童34人,占所有样本的9.4%,肥胖儿童21人,占所有样本的5.9%；儿童家长(360人)及幼托机构工作人员(40人)的营养K-A-P平均得分为84.96分。 健康教育后：长寿路社区学龄前儿童的平均BMI指数为15.26±1.50,超重儿童25人,占所有样本数的7.1%；肥胖儿童16人,占所有样本数的4.5%；健康教育后调查对象为儿童家长(352人)及幼托机构工作人员(40人)的营养K-A-P平均得分为92.27分。 结论： 随着近年来我国经济的发展,人民经济水平的提高,以及国外以动物性食物为主的饮食结构的引入,造成某些营养素尤其是供能营养素过量摄入,最终导致全社会尤其是儿童的营养过剩,进一步导致超重和肥胖比例逐年升高。 本项结果表明,长寿路社区学龄前儿童存在超重及肥胖比例较高的现象,同时儿童家长尤其是高年龄段及低文化程度者营养知识匮乏,但大多数家长具有良好的接受营养健康教育的态度,并有意愿改变不良营养行为,建立良好的营养习惯。我们对长寿路社区学龄前儿童家长及幼托机构工作人员进行了为期9个月的营养健康教育,通过健康教育,改善了长寿路社区学龄前儿童的超重及肥胖情况(P0.01),提高了家长及幼托机构工作人员的营养知识、态度、行为认知水平(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:BACKGROUND: Overnutrition refers to the abnormal metabolism of nutrients caused by excessive intake of certain nutrients, often manifested as overweight and obesity. A national survey in 2005 showed that the overweight rate of children and adolescents in coastal cities has increased to 14.1%-19.3%, and the obesity rate is 6.0%-13.2%. In developed countries, the problem of childhood obesity has attracted more and more attention from medical and social circles. Because overnutrition leads to childhood obesity and malnutrition, it also affects the normal development of children and adolescents, and brings certain harm to health.
The occurrence and development of childhood obesity follow the following physiological mechanisms: energy intake, energy consumption, increased energy storage, body fat accumulation and eventually obesity, affected by genetic and environmental factors. Industrialization and modernization of life are accelerating. Some environmental factors are accelerating the epidemic of childhood obesity through the following ways: 1. excessive dietary calories; 2. inadequate physical activity; 3. lifestyle from "movement" to "quiet". At the same time, the lack of nutritional and health knowledge of the masses, children's unhealthy eating and living behavior, and various adverse social factors (such as single) Purely profit-seeking food marketing means, "fat is healthy" and other obsolete concepts, together constitute a "obesity-susceptible environment.
Objective: To understand the nutritional status of preschool children in Longevity Road community and the nutritional knowledge, attitude and behavior of parents and staff in kindergartens, and to carry out health education to reduce the incidence of overnutrition.
Methods: By stratified random sampling, 360 children, their parents and staff of kindergartens in Longevity Road community were selected as samples for physical examination, BMI index was calculated and health records were established. The health education was conducted for 9 months among the parents of the children and the staff of the kindergartens and the residents of the community. The physical examination and K-A-P questionnaire were conducted after the intervention. The results of physical examination and K-A-P questionnaire before and after the health education were statistically analyzed.
The main results were as follows: Referring to the BMI reference values of 0-6 years old children in Shanghai by Xu Xiu and others, taking BMI index as parameter, taking 18.1 BMI 19.4 as overweight, taking BMI index (>19.4) as obesity.
Before health education: the average BMI of preschool children in Longevity Road Community was 15.86+1.55, 34 overweight children, accounting for 9.4% of all samples, 21 obese children, accounting for 5.9% of all samples, and the average nutritional K-A-P score of parents (360) and staff of kindergartens (40) was 84.96.
After health education, the average BMI index of preschool children in Longevity Road Community was 15.26 (+ 1.50), overweight children 25 (7.1%) and obese children 16 (4.5%). The average nutritional K-A-P score of parents (352) and nursery staff (40) was 92.27.
Conclusion:
In recent years, with the development of our country's economy, the improvement of people's economic level and the introduction of animal-based diet abroad, some nutrients, especially energy-supplying nutrients, have been overtaken, which eventually leads to the overnutrition of the whole society, especially children, and further leads to the increasing proportion of overweight and obesity year by year.
The results showed that the proportion of overweight and obesity was high among preschool children in Longevity Road Community, and the nutritional knowledge of parents was deficient, especially those of the older age and lower education level. However, most parents had good attitude to nutritional health education and were willing to change malnutritional behavior and establish good nutritional habits. Habitus. We conducted 9-month nutritional health education for parents of preschool children and staff of kindergartens in Longevity Road Community. Through health education, the overweight and obesity of preschool children in Longevity Road Community were improved (P 0.01), and the nutritional knowledge, attitude and behavior cognition of parents and staff in kindergartens were improved (P 0.05). ).
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R153.2
[Abstract]:BACKGROUND: Overnutrition refers to the abnormal metabolism of nutrients caused by excessive intake of certain nutrients, often manifested as overweight and obesity. A national survey in 2005 showed that the overweight rate of children and adolescents in coastal cities has increased to 14.1%-19.3%, and the obesity rate is 6.0%-13.2%. In developed countries, the problem of childhood obesity has attracted more and more attention from medical and social circles. Because overnutrition leads to childhood obesity and malnutrition, it also affects the normal development of children and adolescents, and brings certain harm to health.
The occurrence and development of childhood obesity follow the following physiological mechanisms: energy intake, energy consumption, increased energy storage, body fat accumulation and eventually obesity, affected by genetic and environmental factors. Industrialization and modernization of life are accelerating. Some environmental factors are accelerating the epidemic of childhood obesity through the following ways: 1. excessive dietary calories; 2. inadequate physical activity; 3. lifestyle from "movement" to "quiet". At the same time, the lack of nutritional and health knowledge of the masses, children's unhealthy eating and living behavior, and various adverse social factors (such as single) Purely profit-seeking food marketing means, "fat is healthy" and other obsolete concepts, together constitute a "obesity-susceptible environment.
Objective: To understand the nutritional status of preschool children in Longevity Road community and the nutritional knowledge, attitude and behavior of parents and staff in kindergartens, and to carry out health education to reduce the incidence of overnutrition.
Methods: By stratified random sampling, 360 children, their parents and staff of kindergartens in Longevity Road community were selected as samples for physical examination, BMI index was calculated and health records were established. The health education was conducted for 9 months among the parents of the children and the staff of the kindergartens and the residents of the community. The physical examination and K-A-P questionnaire were conducted after the intervention. The results of physical examination and K-A-P questionnaire before and after the health education were statistically analyzed.
The main results were as follows: Referring to the BMI reference values of 0-6 years old children in Shanghai by Xu Xiu and others, taking BMI index as parameter, taking 18.1 BMI 19.4 as overweight, taking BMI index (>19.4) as obesity.
Before health education: the average BMI of preschool children in Longevity Road Community was 15.86+1.55, 34 overweight children, accounting for 9.4% of all samples, 21 obese children, accounting for 5.9% of all samples, and the average nutritional K-A-P score of parents (360) and staff of kindergartens (40) was 84.96.
After health education, the average BMI index of preschool children in Longevity Road Community was 15.26 (+ 1.50), overweight children 25 (7.1%) and obese children 16 (4.5%). The average nutritional K-A-P score of parents (352) and nursery staff (40) was 92.27.
Conclusion:
In recent years, with the development of our country's economy, the improvement of people's economic level and the introduction of animal-based diet abroad, some nutrients, especially energy-supplying nutrients, have been overtaken, which eventually leads to the overnutrition of the whole society, especially children, and further leads to the increasing proportion of overweight and obesity year by year.
The results showed that the proportion of overweight and obesity was high among preschool children in Longevity Road Community, and the nutritional knowledge of parents was deficient, especially those of the older age and lower education level. However, most parents had good attitude to nutritional health education and were willing to change malnutritional behavior and establish good nutritional habits. Habitus. We conducted 9-month nutritional health education for parents of preschool children and staff of kindergartens in Longevity Road Community. Through health education, the overweight and obesity of preschool children in Longevity Road Community were improved (P 0.01), and the nutritional knowledge, attitude and behavior cognition of parents and staff in kindergartens were improved (P 0.05). ).
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R153.2
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