上海市黄浦区和济南市老年人膳食营养状况比较

发布时间：2018-08-15 19:18

【摘要】：[目的]调查和比较上海市黄浦区和济南市两地老年人的膳食摄入情况及营养状况,以进一步采取干预措施,提高老年人营养水平。[方法]采用分层随机抽样的方法,抽取上海市黄浦区(n=404)、济南市(n=546)共950名60岁及以上老年人,进行体格测量、生化指标检测及简化食物频率问卷调查,比较老年人营养状况及膳食摄入情况。[结果]上海市黄浦区所调查老年人群的肥胖率为4.2%,血压异常率为36.4%,血糖异常率为26.0%,血脂异常率为41.3%;济南市所调查老年人群的肥胖率为9.5%,血压异常率为62.1%,血糖异常率为32.8%,血脂异常率为52.7%,四项指标均高于上海市黄浦区老年人(P0.05或P0.01)。简化食物频率问卷调查结果显示,济南市老年人每日消费的谷类(235.9 g vs 216.7 g)、杂粮(35.2 g vs 19.6 g)、蛋类(48.5 g vs 35.8 g)、坚果(18.1 g vs 11.5 g)、食用油(36.2 g vs 30.8 g)、盐(8.3 g vs 5.6 g)高于上海市黄浦区老年人,水果(94.8 g vs 123.4 g)、畜禽类(41.8 g vs 79.6 g)、水产品(11.9 g vs 62.2 g)、牛奶(85.7 g vs 154.7 g)、大豆类食物(19.0 g vs 23.3 g)消费低于上海市黄浦区老年人(P0.05或P0.01)。两地老年人群均有膳食纤维、维生素A、维生素B1、钙摄入不足,男性锌摄入不足,济南市老年人维生素B2摄入不足。[结论]本次调查的上海市黄浦区和济南市老年人承受肥胖、血压异常、血糖异常等问题的困扰,且存在膳食营养素摄入不平衡的问题。
[Abstract]:[objective] to investigate and compare the dietary intake and nutritional status of the elderly in Huangpu District of Shanghai and Jinan City in order to take further intervention measures to improve the nutritional level of the elderly. [methods] A total of 950 elderly people aged 60 and above were selected from Huangpu District (NZ404) and Jinan City (NZ546) by stratified random sampling. The physical examination, biochemical index test and simplified food frequency questionnaire were carried out. The nutritional status and dietary intake of the elderly were compared. [results] the obesity rate, abnormal blood pressure rate, blood glucose abnormality rate and blood lipid abnormality rate were 4.2, 36.4, 26.0 and 41.3 in the elderly population investigated in Huangpu District, Shanghai, respectively, and the obesity rate was 9.5%, the abnormal blood pressure rate was 62.1% and the blood glucose abnormal rate was 62.1% in Jinan City. The normal rate was 32. 8 and the abnormal rate of blood lipid was 52. 7. The four indexes were higher than those of the elderly in Huangpu District of Shanghai (P0.05 or P0.01). The results of the simplified food frequency questionnaire showed that, The daily consumption of cereals (235.9 g vs 216.7 g),) (35.2 g vs 19.6 g), eggs) (48.5 g vs 35.8 g), nuts (18.1 g vs 11.5 g), edible oil) (36.2 g vs 30.8 g), salt) in Jinan City was higher than that in Huangpu District of Shanghai. The consumption of fruit (94.8 g vs 123.4 g),) livestock and poultry (41.8 g vs 79.6 g), aquatic product) (11.9 g vs 62.2 g), milk (85.7 g vs 154.7 g), soybean food (19.0 g vs 23.3 g) was lower than that of the elderly in Huangpu District of Shanghai (P0.05 or P0.01). Dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin B1, calcium intake were not enough, zinc intake was insufficient in male, vitamin B2 intake was insufficient in Jinan elderly people. [conclusion] the elderly people in Huangpu District and Jinan City of Shanghai were suffering from obesity, abnormal blood pressure, abnormal blood sugar and unbalanced dietary nutrient intake.
【作者单位】：复旦大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生教研室教育部公共卫生安全重点实验室;山东大学公共卫生学院;
【基金】：科技部基础性工作专项(编号:2015FY111600)
【分类号】：R153.3

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