吉林省出租车公交车驾驶员健康素养现状及干预效果评价
发布时间：2018-08-18 11:30
【摘要】：目的了解吉林省出租车公交车驾驶员健康素养水平的现状；分析吉林省出租车公交车驾驶员健康素养干预效果并明确出租公交车驾驶员健康素养的影响因素。方法资料收集采用问卷调查法,样本抽样为便利抽样法,在吉林省健康教育中心的统一组织下,由长春市、吉林市、四平市、辽源市、通化市、白山市、松原市、延边州及长白山管委会等9个地区的疾控中心各选取64名符合纳入标准的研究对象。现状调查中共发放576份问卷,回收问卷576份,剔除无效问卷18份,有效问卷558份。采用一般状况调查表、健康素养量表及自我效能量表。利用百分率、均值、标准差等对社会人口学特征、健康素养及自我效能进行描述性分析,利用独立样本t检验、卡方检验、 单因素方差分析比较健康素养在社会人口学特征上的差异,对有统计学差异的因素与健康素养进行多元回归分析。干预后利用百分率、均值、标准差等对干预前后健康素养及自我效能描述性分析,采用配对样本t检验对实验组干预前后的健康素养及自我效能的差异进行比较分析。结果1、吉林省出租车及公交车驾驶员具备健康素养的比例为5.2%,其中基本知识和理念比例为2.3%,健康生活方式和基本技能比例为19.4%、91.5%,研究对象对于心肺复苏、海姆立克及外伤处理等急救知识知晓率低,对于拨打急救电话等相关技能知晓率高。2、不同社会人口学特征的研究对象,其健康素养具备率呈现不同变化趋势,年龄在30-39岁健康素养水平最高,随后呈现负增长趋势；公交车驾驶员健康素养具备率高于出租车驾驶员；班次可以影响健康素养具备率,其中不固定班次具备率最高,夜班最低；拥有急救经历与培训经历的驾驶员安全素养具备率高；自我效能高分组健康素养具备率比低分组高。其中年龄、车辆种类、班次、急救经历、培训经历及自我效能这6个因素均可进入回归方程,并对健康素养水平有一定的预测力。3、通过科学的讲授法与实践教育法干预后,可以有效提高驾驶员健康素养水平,便于驾驶员更好的掌握心肺复苏、海姆立克及外伤处理等安全急救知识与技能。结论1、吉林省出租、公交车驾驶员健康素养水平较低,获取急救知识途径主要为电视及互联网,接受正规安全急救培训者少,驾驶员对于突发事件中拨打求救电话的基本技能掌握较好,但对于心肺复苏、海姆立克及外伤处理等安全急救知识和技能的掌握相当匮乏。2、驾驶员作为交通一线人员,其健康素养水平急需进一步提高,不仅要加强拨打急救电话等简单的求救技能,同时应着重学习及强化专业的安全急救知识及相关技能,如在外伤处理、心肺复苏、滥用药物、心理调适、气道异物阻塞及预防食物中毒等相关项目进行培训、演练,鼓励他们实施安全急救行为及急救的相关自信心。3、国家应当加快驾驶员院前急救培训体系建设,统一教材、统一方法,建立健全急救培训体制,并为施救者提供法律保障,给予相应的奖励及保护,从而有效提高驾驶员救助他人的积极性,对于提高急救成功率,降低院前死亡率有重大的意义。
[Abstract]:Objective To understand the status quo of health literacy of taxi drivers in Jilin Province, analyze the effect of intervention on health literacy of taxi drivers in Jilin Province and identify the influencing factors of health literacy of taxi drivers. Under the unified organization of the education center, 64 subjects were selected from 9 CDC centers in Changchun, Jilin, Siping, Liaoyuan, Tonghua, Baishan, Songyuan, Yanbian and Changbaishan. A total of 576 questionnaires were distributed, 576 questionnaires were collected, 18 invalid questionnaires were rejected and valid questionnaires were valid. 558 copies. General condition questionnaire, health literacy scale and self-efficacy scale were used. The descriptive analysis of social demographic characteristics, health literacy and self-efficacy was carried out by percentage, mean and standard deviation. The differences of social demographic characteristics of health literacy were compared by independent sample t test, chi-square test and one-way ANOVA. The descriptive analysis of health literacy and self-efficacy before and after intervention was made by percentage, mean and standard deviation. The differences of health literacy and self-efficacy before and after intervention were compared and analyzed by paired sample t test. The proportion of taxi and bus drivers with health literacy was 5.2%. The proportion of basic knowledge and concept was 2.3%. The proportion of healthy lifestyle and basic skills was 19.4%. 91.5%. The subjects had low awareness of first aid knowledge such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Heimlick and trauma management, and high awareness of related skills such as making emergency calls. The health literacy possession rate of the subjects with different social demographic characteristics showed different trends. The health literacy level of the subjects aged 30-39 was the highest, and then showed a negative growth trend; the health literacy possession rate of bus drivers was higher than that of taxi drivers; the number of shifts could affect the health literacy possession rate, and the number of non-regular shifts had the highest. The highest rate, the lowest night shift; the driver with first aid experience and training experience had a higher rate of safety literacy; the high self-efficacy group had a higher rate of health literacy than the low-score group. 3. The intervention of scientific teaching method and practical education method can effectively improve the driver's health literacy level and facilitate the driver to better grasp the knowledge and skills of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Heimlick and trauma management. The main channels are TV and Internet. Few people receive formal safety first aid training. Drivers have a good grasp of the basic skills of calling for help in emergencies. However, they lack the knowledge and skills of first aid such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Heimlick and trauma management. The level needs to be further improved. We should not only strengthen the simple rescue skills such as making emergency calls, but also focus on learning and strengthening the professional safety and first aid knowledge and related skills, such as trauma management, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, drug abuse, psychological adjustment, airway foreign body obstruction and prevention of food poisoning. The state should speed up the construction of pre-hospital first aid training system for drivers, unify teaching materials, unify methods, establish and improve the first aid training system, provide legal protection for rescuers, give corresponding incentives and protection, thus effectively improving the enthusiasm of drivers to rescue others. It is of great significance to improve the success rate of first aid and reduce pre hospital mortality.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R13
本文编号：2189332
[Abstract]:Objective To understand the status quo of health literacy of taxi drivers in Jilin Province, analyze the effect of intervention on health literacy of taxi drivers in Jilin Province and identify the influencing factors of health literacy of taxi drivers. Under the unified organization of the education center, 64 subjects were selected from 9 CDC centers in Changchun, Jilin, Siping, Liaoyuan, Tonghua, Baishan, Songyuan, Yanbian and Changbaishan. A total of 576 questionnaires were distributed, 576 questionnaires were collected, 18 invalid questionnaires were rejected and valid questionnaires were valid. 558 copies. General condition questionnaire, health literacy scale and self-efficacy scale were used. The descriptive analysis of social demographic characteristics, health literacy and self-efficacy was carried out by percentage, mean and standard deviation. The differences of social demographic characteristics of health literacy were compared by independent sample t test, chi-square test and one-way ANOVA. The descriptive analysis of health literacy and self-efficacy before and after intervention was made by percentage, mean and standard deviation. The differences of health literacy and self-efficacy before and after intervention were compared and analyzed by paired sample t test. The proportion of taxi and bus drivers with health literacy was 5.2%. The proportion of basic knowledge and concept was 2.3%. The proportion of healthy lifestyle and basic skills was 19.4%. 91.5%. The subjects had low awareness of first aid knowledge such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Heimlick and trauma management, and high awareness of related skills such as making emergency calls. The health literacy possession rate of the subjects with different social demographic characteristics showed different trends. The health literacy level of the subjects aged 30-39 was the highest, and then showed a negative growth trend; the health literacy possession rate of bus drivers was higher than that of taxi drivers; the number of shifts could affect the health literacy possession rate, and the number of non-regular shifts had the highest. The highest rate, the lowest night shift; the driver with first aid experience and training experience had a higher rate of safety literacy; the high self-efficacy group had a higher rate of health literacy than the low-score group. 3. The intervention of scientific teaching method and practical education method can effectively improve the driver's health literacy level and facilitate the driver to better grasp the knowledge and skills of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Heimlick and trauma management. The main channels are TV and Internet. Few people receive formal safety first aid training. Drivers have a good grasp of the basic skills of calling for help in emergencies. However, they lack the knowledge and skills of first aid such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Heimlick and trauma management. The level needs to be further improved. We should not only strengthen the simple rescue skills such as making emergency calls, but also focus on learning and strengthening the professional safety and first aid knowledge and related skills, such as trauma management, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, drug abuse, psychological adjustment, airway foreign body obstruction and prevention of food poisoning. The state should speed up the construction of pre-hospital first aid training system for drivers, unify teaching materials, unify methods, establish and improve the first aid training system, provide legal protection for rescuers, give corresponding incentives and protection, thus effectively improving the enthusiasm of drivers to rescue others. It is of great significance to improve the success rate of first aid and reduce pre hospital mortality.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R13
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