家长教养方式和儿童气质类型对儿童多动症影响的研究
发布时间：2018-08-19 20:58
【摘要】：目的：初步探索儿童家长教养方式和气质类型对儿童多动症的影响,并对儿童多动症患儿家长的教养方式与儿童气质类型的联系进行探讨。为帮助儿童多动症患儿家长寻找正确的教养方式提供可靠的科学依据。 方法：随机抽取2012年1月-10月在湖南省长沙湘雅附一、附二、附三、湖南省人民医院及湖南省儿童医院5所医院的儿科门诊中就诊的儿童多动症患儿各60例,共计300例。5所医院的呼吸科儿科住院部住院的同年龄段,并不符合我国中华神经精神学会通过的《精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准》(第二版)有关儿童多动症的诊断标准的诊断标准,且智力水平在正常范围、体格检查无明显异常的300名住院儿童及其父母为对照。病例组对照组进行面对面匿名问卷调查并记录。收集资料并加以整理、核对并录入电脑,用EpiData3.0软件包建立数据库,将获取的信息录入数据库,对定性和等级指标进行数量化处理和统一编码后用SPSS13.0进行统计分析。 结果：(1)实际调查总人数480例,数据清理后合格者467例,其中,病例216人,对照251人。病例组儿童的平均年龄为(4.74±1.616)岁；对照组中平均年龄为(4.75±1.621)岁；表明病例组与对照组儿童年龄具有可比性(P0.05)。(2)性别、父母婚姻关系父母教育子女态度、亲子关系父亲情感温暖,理解因子父亲惩罚,严厉因子、父亲拒绝,否认因子、父亲过度保护因子母亲情感温暖、理解因子母亲偏爱被试因子儿童气质类型等因素,经假设检验,病例组与对照组的差别有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)病例组儿童家长教养方式中性别在父亲过度保护,母亲情感温暖、理解的和母亲过干涉、过保护等因子上差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)；独生、非独生子女与父亲情感温暖、理解、母亲过干涉、过保护、母亲拒绝、否认、母亲惩罚、严厉等因子上差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),父亲不同文化程度教养方式比较,经方差分析父亲文化程度在父亲惩罚严厉、父亲情感温暖,理解、父亲偏爱、父亲拒绝否认因子上差异有统计学意义。母亲不同文化程度教养方式比较,经方差分析结果表明,母亲文化在母亲过度干涉过度保护因子上差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(4)病例组儿童气质类型的影响因素有是否独生,父亲文化程度及母亲职业。(5)病例组儿童父亲教养方式各因子与儿童气质类型各维度的相关分析表明,病例组儿童规律性与父亲情感温暖、理解(r=0.158,P0.05),以及儿童反应强度与父亲过分干涉(r=0.228,P0.05)成正相关；病例组儿童的适应度与父亲过度保护(r=-0.145,P0.05)成负相关。病例组儿童母亲教养方式各因子与儿童气质类型各维度的相关分析表明,病例组儿童规律性与母亲偏爱被试(r=-0.146,P0.05)成负相关；儿童驱避性与母亲拒绝、否认(r=0.226,P0.05)成正相关；病例组儿童的情绪本质与母亲拒绝、否认(r=0.237,P0.05)成正相关。 结论：1.性别、父母婚姻关系、父母教育态度不一致、亲子关系不佳、缺乏父亲情感温暖、理解父亲惩罚严厉、父亲拒绝否认、父亲过度保护、母亲偏爱；活动多、适应性慢、反应强烈、注意力分散是儿童多动症的主要影响因素。2.儿童多动症患儿气质类型的多数维度与父母教养方式的多数因子存在显著的相关。
[Abstract]:Objective: To explore the influence of parental rearing patterns and temperament types on children with ADHD, and to explore the relationship between parental rearing patterns and temperament types of children with ADHD.
Methods: 60 children with ADHD were randomly selected from the pediatric outpatient clinics of 5 hospitals of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital and Hunan Provincial Children's Hospital from January to October 2012. The total number of children with ADHD was 300. The criteria for the diagnosis of ADHD in children adopted by the Psychiatric Society are Classification Scheme and Diagnostic Criteria for Mental Diseases (2nd edition). 300 hospitalized children and their parents with normal intelligence level and no obvious abnormality in physical examination are taken as controls. The control group is investigated by face-to-face anonymous questionnaires and data are collected. And collate, check and input the computer, use EpiData 3.0 software package to establish a database, access to information into the database, qualitative and grade indicators for quantitative processing and unified coding SPSS13.0 statistical analysis.
Results: (1) The total number of 480 cases was investigated and 467 cases were qualified, including 216 cases and 251 controls. There were significant differences between the case group and the control group (P 0.05). (3) There were significant differences in parental rearing styles between male and female (P 0.05), such as father's over-protection, mother's emotional warmth, understanding and mother's over-interference and over-protection (P 0.05); only-child, non-only-child and father's emotional warmth, understanding, mother's over-interference, over-protection, mother's refusal, denial, mother's punishment, severity and so on. The difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). The parenting styles of fathers with different education levels were compared. The analysis of variance showed that the parental education level was significantly different in the factors of severe punishment, warmth of father's emotion, understanding, father's preference and father's refusal to deny. There was a significant difference in the factors of mother's over-intervention and over-protection (P Father's emotional warmth, understanding (r = 0.158, P 0.05), and children's reaction intensity were positively correlated with father's over-interference (r = 0.228, P 0.05), while the children's adaptability in case group was negatively correlated with father's over-protection (r = - 0.145, P 0.05). Children's regularity was negatively correlated with maternal preference (r = - 0.146, P 0.05); children's repellency was positively correlated with maternal refusal and denial (r = 0.226, P 0.05); children's emotional nature was positively correlated with maternal refusal and denial (r = 0.237, P 0.05).
Conclusion: 1. Gender, marital relationship, inconsistent parental education attitude, poor parent-child relationship, lack of emotional warmth, understanding of the father's severe punishment, father's refusal to deny, father's over-protection, mother's preference; more activities, slow adaptability, strong response, distraction are the main influencing factors of ADHD in children. Most dimensions of temperament were significantly related to most factors of parental rearing styles.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R179
本文编号：2192812
[Abstract]:Objective: To explore the influence of parental rearing patterns and temperament types on children with ADHD, and to explore the relationship between parental rearing patterns and temperament types of children with ADHD.
Methods: 60 children with ADHD were randomly selected from the pediatric outpatient clinics of 5 hospitals of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital and Hunan Provincial Children's Hospital from January to October 2012. The total number of children with ADHD was 300. The criteria for the diagnosis of ADHD in children adopted by the Psychiatric Society are Classification Scheme and Diagnostic Criteria for Mental Diseases (2nd edition). 300 hospitalized children and their parents with normal intelligence level and no obvious abnormality in physical examination are taken as controls. The control group is investigated by face-to-face anonymous questionnaires and data are collected. And collate, check and input the computer, use EpiData 3.0 software package to establish a database, access to information into the database, qualitative and grade indicators for quantitative processing and unified coding SPSS13.0 statistical analysis.
Results: (1) The total number of 480 cases was investigated and 467 cases were qualified, including 216 cases and 251 controls. There were significant differences between the case group and the control group (P 0.05). (3) There were significant differences in parental rearing styles between male and female (P 0.05), such as father's over-protection, mother's emotional warmth, understanding and mother's over-interference and over-protection (P 0.05); only-child, non-only-child and father's emotional warmth, understanding, mother's over-interference, over-protection, mother's refusal, denial, mother's punishment, severity and so on. The difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). The parenting styles of fathers with different education levels were compared. The analysis of variance showed that the parental education level was significantly different in the factors of severe punishment, warmth of father's emotion, understanding, father's preference and father's refusal to deny. There was a significant difference in the factors of mother's over-intervention and over-protection (P Father's emotional warmth, understanding (r = 0.158, P 0.05), and children's reaction intensity were positively correlated with father's over-interference (r = 0.228, P 0.05), while the children's adaptability in case group was negatively correlated with father's over-protection (r = - 0.145, P 0.05). Children's regularity was negatively correlated with maternal preference (r = - 0.146, P 0.05); children's repellency was positively correlated with maternal refusal and denial (r = 0.226, P 0.05); children's emotional nature was positively correlated with maternal refusal and denial (r = 0.237, P 0.05).
Conclusion: 1. Gender, marital relationship, inconsistent parental education attitude, poor parent-child relationship, lack of emotional warmth, understanding of the father's severe punishment, father's refusal to deny, father's over-protection, mother's preference; more activities, slow adaptability, strong response, distraction are the main influencing factors of ADHD in children. Most dimensions of temperament were significantly related to most factors of parental rearing styles.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R179
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