2013—2015年吉林省食源性疾病流行病学特征分析

发布时间：2018-08-22 19:42

【摘要】：目的分析2013—2015年吉林省食源性疾病的流行病学特征和规律,为防控食源性疾病暴发事件提出有针对性的措施和建议。方法对2013—2015年"食源性疾病监测报告系统"中吉林省的病例进行描述性分析和统计学检验。结果 2013—2015年吉林省哨点医院共报告食源性疾病病例12 049例,其中11 497例患者的标本做病原学检测,807例患者检出致病微生物,总检出率为7.02%;诺如病毒、沙门菌、致泻性大肠埃希菌属、志贺菌、副溶血性弧菌检出率分别为15.63%(389/2 489)、2.54%(283/11 141)、1.32%(147/11 167)、0.08%(9/11 153)、0.06%(6/9 410),未检出小肠耶尔森菌(0/201)。诺如病毒、沙门菌和致泻性大肠埃希菌属与志贺菌、副溶血性弧菌和小肠耶尔森菌相比是吉林省主要流行的食源性致病微生物(P0.05)。诺如病毒在第一季度检出率(31.00%)高于其他三个季度;沙门菌、致泻性大肠埃希菌属在第二、三季度检出率(3.78%、3.12%;1.32%、1.69%)高于第一、四季度;志贺菌和副溶血性弧菌均在第三季度检出率最高(0.14%、0.15%)。诺如病毒在80岁以上和5岁以下年龄组检出率较高(20.00%、18.90%),沙门菌和致泻性大肠埃希菌属在5岁以下年龄组检出率最高(3.38%、1.75%)。2015年的食源性致病菌检出率高于2013年和2014年,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),第四季度的检出率低于前三季度差异有统计学意义(P0.05),不同性别的食源性致病菌检出率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),5岁以下年龄组儿童、商业服务人员、城市居民食源性致病微生物检出率最高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 2013—2015年吉林省食源性疾病检出率逐年升高,第一、二、三季度检出率高于第四季度,诺如病毒、沙门菌和致泻性大肠埃希菌属是主要流行的病原体,5岁以下年龄组儿童和商业服务人员易受食源性致病微生物感染。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and regularity of foodborne diseases in Jilin Province from 2013 to 2015, and to put forward some measures and suggestions for the prevention and control of foodborne disease outbreaks. Methods descriptive analysis and statistical test were carried out in Jilin Province in the Foodborne Disease Surveillance reporting system from 2013 to 2015. Results A total of 12 049 cases of foodborne diseases were reported in the sentinel hospital of Jilin Province from 2013 to 2015, of which 11 497 cases were collected for etiological examination. The total detection rate of pathogenic microorganisms was 7. 02%. The positive rates of Escherichia coli, Shigella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were 15.63% (389 / 2 489), 2.54% (283 / 11,141) and 1.32% (147 / 11,167), 0.08% (9 / 11 153) and 0.06% (6 / 9 410), respectively. Compared with Shigella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Yersinia, Norovirus, Salmonella and cathartic Escherichia coli are the main foodborne pathogenic microorganisms in Jilin province (P0.05). The detection rate of Norovirus in the first quarter (31.00%) was higher than that in the other three quarters, Salmonella, diarrhea Escherichia coli in the second and third quarters (3.783.123.321.69%) was higher than that in the first and fourth quarters, Shigella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus had the highest detection rate in the third quarter (0.140.15%). The detection rate of Norovirus was higher in the age group over 80 years old and under 5 years old (20.00%, 18.90%), and the highest in the group of Salmonella and diarrhea Escherichia coli (3.38% 1.75%). The detection rate of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in 2015 was higher than that in 2013 and 2014. The detection rate in the fourth quarter was significantly lower than that in the first three quarters (P0.05). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of foodborne pathogenic bacteria between different genders (P0.05). The detection rate of foodborne pathogenic microorganisms in urban residents was the highest, and the difference was statistically significant (P0.05). Conclusion the detection rate of foodborne diseases in Jilin Province increased year by year from 2013 to 2015. The detection rate in the first, second and third quarters was higher than that in the fourth quarter. Salmonella and Escherichia coli are the most prevalent pathogens in children under 5 years of age and in commercial workers who are vulnerable to foodborne pathogenic microbes.
【作者单位】：吉林省疾病预防控制中心;吉林市疾病预防控制中心;延边朝鲜族自治州疾病预防控制中心;长春市疾病预防控制中心;
【基金】：卫生行业科研专项项目(201302005)
【分类号】：R155.3

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