鞍钢射线测厚仪放射防护状况的调查与分析
发布时间：2018-08-27 12:34
【摘要】：目的：旨在了解鞍钢射线测厚仪防护状况，为企业辐射防护管理提供技术支持。 方法：对鞍钢公司现有108个测厚仪（含5个凸度仪）进行辐射剂量水平监测，对412名放射工作人员进行个人剂量监测和职业健康检查。并对结果进行统计分析。 结果：①射线测厚仪使用状况：鞍钢公司现有108个测厚仪（含凸度仪5个），其中：同位素测厚仪52.8%（57/108），X射线测厚仪47.2%(51/108,含凸度仪5个）。 Ⅱ类137Cs密封源（10.19%，11/108）使用在厚板热轧线的穿透式测厚仪上；Ⅲ类X射线装置（9.26%,10/108）使用在薄板热轧线的穿透式测厚仪上；在冷轧薄板线上，Ⅲ、Ⅳ类241Am密封源（37.04%,40/108），Ⅲ类X射线装置（23.15%,25/108）使用在穿透式测厚仪上，Ⅴ类147Pm使用在β反散射式测厚仪（5.56%，6/108），Ⅲ类X射线装置使用在镀层荧光测厚仪（占14.81%，16/108）上。 ②射线测厚仪的辐射防护设施：射线开关为遥控伺服控制，有多重联锁保护装置，具有工作状态指示灯，防护门、防护围栏、专有屏蔽房等防护设施及“当心电离辐射”警示标识等。 ③射线测厚仪辐射工作场所监测结果：工作场所中同位素测厚仪的周围剂量当量率最大值为0.66μSv/h，X射线装置为4.38μSv/h。在正常生产状况下，距离厚板热轧线、薄板热轧线3m区域限制人员停留；距离其余生产线1m区域限制人员停留。 ④个人剂量监测结果：412名工作人员个人剂量监测值为0.04mSv/a~12.76mSv/a，小于1mSv/a的为98.54%,人均有效剂量为0.21mSv/a，符合国家职业限值标准。在测厚仪射线出束正常生产状况下，需到现场维修人员的人均年有效剂量为：(0.51±0.30)mSv。 ⑤放射工作人员职业健康检查结果：高血压患病率为6.55%(27/412),心电图异常率4.85（%20/412）,尿常规异常率为2.67（%7/412）,肾功异常率3.64%（15/412）,色弱率1.94%（8/412）,胸片异常0.24%（1/412），眼晶状体异常率1.46%（6/412）。淋巴细胞微核率均在正常值2‰范围内、未见血常规异常者。体检的结论为：405人可继续从事外照射岗位工作；7人不适宜外照射岗位工作，建议调离。这不适宜外照射作业的7人中，除1人患肺结核外，6人双眼或单眼晶状体有点片状或条状浑浊人员均为冷轧线作业人员。 对2006年至2011年在射线测厚仪岗位调岗的25名放射工作人员的离岗原因进一步分析，发现眼晶状体改变为调岗的首位原因，有16人，且均为冷轧线作业人员。 ⑥按厚板热轧线、薄板热轧线及冷轧线分类分析：工作场所剂量率平均值的年有效剂量估算结果依次为0.15mSv/a、0.71mSv/a、0.59mSv/a；人均年有效剂量依次为0.15mSv/a、0.25mSv/a、0.21mSv/a。年有效剂量估算值与人均年有效剂量有较好的一致性，各生产线的年剂量估算值大于个人剂量监测值,且均低于年剂量限值。 厚板热轧线、薄板热轧线和冷轧线间单次剂量当量＞0.25mSv的发生率有差异（X2=6.47，P=0.039）。尚不能认为厚板热轧线、薄板热轧线和冷轧线间职业健康检查异常情况有差异（X2=0.46，P=0.795）。 结论：在正常生产状况下，，射线测厚仪工作场所是比较安全的，不会对公众和放射工作人员的健康和安全造成危害。 今后应限制放射工作人员对射线测厚仪邻近设备的在线维护，加强铅眼镜等辐射防护用品使用状况的监督，加强上岗前体检的管理，对在岗放射工作人员的职业健康状况应做进一步的调查与分析。本文的监测结果是在已有防护设施的基础上进行的，故将其结果在同行业推广时，应加以说明；X射线测厚仪没有专门的监测规范，本监测结果只能在一定程度上反映射线作业工人的剂量水平，为了日后辐射防护监测科学规范，应做深入研究，制定X射线测厚仪放射防护监测标准。
[Abstract]:OBJECTIVE: To understand the radiation protection status of X-ray thickness gauge in Anshan Iron and Steel Co., and provide technical support for radiation protection management in enterprises.
Methods: The radiation dose level of 108 thickness gauges (including 5 convexity gauges) in Anshan Iron and Steel Company was monitored, and 412 radiation workers were monitored for personal dose and occupational health.
RESULTS: 1. The usage of X-ray thickness gauge: There are 108 thickness gauges (including 5 convexity gauges) in Angang, including 52.8% (57/108) Isotope Thickness Gauge and 47.2% (51/108) X-ray thickness gauge.
Class II 137Cs sealed source (10.19%, 11/108) is used on the penetrating thickness gauge of hot rolling thick plate line; Class III X-ray device (9.26%, 10/108) is used on the penetrating thickness gauge of hot rolling thin plate line; Class III, IV 241Am sealed source (37.04%, 40/108) is used on the cold rolling thin plate line; Class III X-ray device (23.15%, 25/108) is used on the penetrating thickness gauge. Class V 147 Pm is used in beta-backscatter thickness gauge (5.56%, 6/108), and Class III X-ray device is used in coating fluorescence thickness gauge (14.81%, 16/108).
(2) Radiation protection facilities of X-ray thickness gauge: X-ray switch is remote control servo control, with multiple interlocking protection devices, with working status indicator lights, protective doors, protective fences, exclusive shielding room and other protective facilities and "be careful of ionizing radiation" warning signs.
(3) Radiation workplace monitoring results: the maximum dose equivalent rate of Isotope Thickness Gauge in the workplace is 0.66 uSv/h, and the X-ray device is 4.38 uSv/h.
(4) Individual dose monitoring results: The personal dose monitoring values of 412 staff members were 0.04 mSv/a~12.76 mSv/a, 98.54% less than 1 mSv/a, and the average effective dose was 0.21 mSv/a, which accorded with the national occupational limit standard.
_The occupational health examination results showed that the prevalence of hypertension was 6.55% (27/412), the abnormal rate of ECG was 4.85 (% 20/412), the abnormal rate of urine routine was 2.67 (% 7/412), the abnormal rate of renal function was 3.64% (15/412), the abnormal rate of color was 1.94% (8/412), the abnormal rate of chest X-ray was 0.24% (1/412), and the abnormal rate of lens was 1.46% (6/412). The physical examination concluded that 405 persons could continue to work in the post of external irradiation, 7 persons were not suitable for the post of external irradiation and were recommended to be transferred.
A further analysis was made of the reasons for the departure of 25 radiation workers who were transferred to the positions of radiographic thickness gauge from 2006 to 2011. It was found that 16 of them were cold rolling line workers.
_According to the classification analysis of thick plate hot rolling line, thin plate hot rolling line and cold rolling line, the annual effective dose estimation results of the average dose rate in the workplace were 0.15 mSv/a, 0.71 mSv/a, 0.59 mSv/a; the annual effective dose per capita was 0.15 mSv/a, 0.25 mSv/a, 0.21 mSv/a. The annual effective dose estimates were in good agreement with the annual effective dose per capita. The annual dose estimated value of the production line is greater than the individual dose monitoring value, and all are lower than the annual dose limit.
The occurrence rate of single dose equivalent > 0.25 mSv between hot rolling line, hot rolling line and cold rolling line was different (X2 = 6.47, P = 0.039). It was not considered that there was any difference in occupational health examination between hot rolling line, hot rolling line and cold rolling line (X2 = 0.46, P = 0.795).
CONCLUSION: Under normal production conditions, the workplace of radiographic thickness gauge is relatively safe, and will not do harm to the health and safety of the public and radiation workers.
In the future, it is necessary to restrict the on-line maintenance of the adjacent equipment of the radiographic thickness gauge, strengthen the supervision of the use of radiation protection equipment such as lead glasses, strengthen the management of pre-job physical examination, and make further investigation and Analysis on the occupational health status of the on-job radiological workers. On the basis of this, the results should be explained when they are popularized in the same industry; X-ray thickness gauge has no special monitoring specifications, and the monitoring results can only reflect the dose level of workers exposed to radiation to a certain extent. Standard.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R144
本文编号：2207294
[Abstract]:OBJECTIVE: To understand the radiation protection status of X-ray thickness gauge in Anshan Iron and Steel Co., and provide technical support for radiation protection management in enterprises.
Methods: The radiation dose level of 108 thickness gauges (including 5 convexity gauges) in Anshan Iron and Steel Company was monitored, and 412 radiation workers were monitored for personal dose and occupational health.
RESULTS: 1. The usage of X-ray thickness gauge: There are 108 thickness gauges (including 5 convexity gauges) in Angang, including 52.8% (57/108) Isotope Thickness Gauge and 47.2% (51/108) X-ray thickness gauge.
Class II 137Cs sealed source (10.19%, 11/108) is used on the penetrating thickness gauge of hot rolling thick plate line; Class III X-ray device (9.26%, 10/108) is used on the penetrating thickness gauge of hot rolling thin plate line; Class III, IV 241Am sealed source (37.04%, 40/108) is used on the cold rolling thin plate line; Class III X-ray device (23.15%, 25/108) is used on the penetrating thickness gauge. Class V 147 Pm is used in beta-backscatter thickness gauge (5.56%, 6/108), and Class III X-ray device is used in coating fluorescence thickness gauge (14.81%, 16/108).
(2) Radiation protection facilities of X-ray thickness gauge: X-ray switch is remote control servo control, with multiple interlocking protection devices, with working status indicator lights, protective doors, protective fences, exclusive shielding room and other protective facilities and "be careful of ionizing radiation" warning signs.
(3) Radiation workplace monitoring results: the maximum dose equivalent rate of Isotope Thickness Gauge in the workplace is 0.66 uSv/h, and the X-ray device is 4.38 uSv/h.
(4) Individual dose monitoring results: The personal dose monitoring values of 412 staff members were 0.04 mSv/a~12.76 mSv/a, 98.54% less than 1 mSv/a, and the average effective dose was 0.21 mSv/a, which accorded with the national occupational limit standard.
_The occupational health examination results showed that the prevalence of hypertension was 6.55% (27/412), the abnormal rate of ECG was 4.85 (% 20/412), the abnormal rate of urine routine was 2.67 (% 7/412), the abnormal rate of renal function was 3.64% (15/412), the abnormal rate of color was 1.94% (8/412), the abnormal rate of chest X-ray was 0.24% (1/412), and the abnormal rate of lens was 1.46% (6/412). The physical examination concluded that 405 persons could continue to work in the post of external irradiation, 7 persons were not suitable for the post of external irradiation and were recommended to be transferred.
A further analysis was made of the reasons for the departure of 25 radiation workers who were transferred to the positions of radiographic thickness gauge from 2006 to 2011. It was found that 16 of them were cold rolling line workers.
_According to the classification analysis of thick plate hot rolling line, thin plate hot rolling line and cold rolling line, the annual effective dose estimation results of the average dose rate in the workplace were 0.15 mSv/a, 0.71 mSv/a, 0.59 mSv/a; the annual effective dose per capita was 0.15 mSv/a, 0.25 mSv/a, 0.21 mSv/a. The annual effective dose estimates were in good agreement with the annual effective dose per capita. The annual dose estimated value of the production line is greater than the individual dose monitoring value, and all are lower than the annual dose limit.
The occurrence rate of single dose equivalent > 0.25 mSv between hot rolling line, hot rolling line and cold rolling line was different (X2 = 6.47, P = 0.039). It was not considered that there was any difference in occupational health examination between hot rolling line, hot rolling line and cold rolling line (X2 = 0.46, P = 0.795).
CONCLUSION: Under normal production conditions, the workplace of radiographic thickness gauge is relatively safe, and will not do harm to the health and safety of the public and radiation workers.
In the future, it is necessary to restrict the on-line maintenance of the adjacent equipment of the radiographic thickness gauge, strengthen the supervision of the use of radiation protection equipment such as lead glasses, strengthen the management of pre-job physical examination, and make further investigation and Analysis on the occupational health status of the on-job radiological workers. On the basis of this, the results should be explained when they are popularized in the same industry; X-ray thickness gauge has no special monitoring specifications, and the monitoring results can only reflect the dose level of workers exposed to radiation to a certain extent. Standard.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R144
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