某地食品中主要化学污染物及有害因素现况调查研究

发布时间：2018-09-04 19:13

【摘要】：目的：了解某地食品中铅、镉、汞、铝、甜蜜素、糖精钠、亚硝酸盐及黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2、M1等8种主要化学污染物及有害因素污染状况，为食品安全监管提供依据。方法：抽样方法：采用多级分层抽样。监测网：依托该地疾控系统现有理化实验室，在辖区24个行政区域设置监测点开展采样与检测。分析方法：采用SAS9.13软件对收集的资料进行统计分析，主要包括描述性分析和单因素检验，当理论频数小于1时，采用Fisher确切概率法， P0.05认为2差异有统计学意义。结果： 1.该地食品总体合格率94.93%（2623/2763），8种物质超标率分别为：铅5.6%（35/624）、镉3.27%（20/611）、汞1.6%（10/622）、铝24%（24/100）、黄曲霉毒素0%（0/140）、甜蜜素12.08%（18/149）、糖精钠8.16%（12/147）、亚硝酸盐3.89%（7/180）。 2.与全国平均水平比较结果：食品中蔬菜铅超标率达13.6%，高于全国平均水平6.8%；蛋类铅超标率6.64%；高于全国平均水平5.8%。粮食镉超标率5.46%，高于全国平均水平2.1%；肉类镉超标率6.6%，高于全国平均水平2.0%。油饼油条铝超标率达82%，高于全国平均水平64.5%。酱腌制蔬菜类甜蜜素超标率11.3%，高于全国平均水平10.2%；酒甜蜜素超标率33.3%，高于全国平均水平26.6%。酒糖精钠超标率32.1%，高于全国平均水平16.6%。 3.2010年铅、猪肾镉、汞和酱腌制蔬菜类甜蜜素等物质的超标率以及粮食制品中铝平均含量均低于2009年，呈下降趋势。油炸食品中2010年铝平均含量是2009年的2.46倍，呈上升趋势。 4.城市与农村、以及大中小城市比较结果：城市食品的铅超标率4.0%，低于农村10.6%。大城市食品铅超标率9.7%、中等城市5.5%、小城市3.9%。城市食品中镉超标率2.7%，低于农村5.6%。城市食品中汞超标率0.8%，低于农村4.6%。大城市食品的汞超标率3.9%、中等城市2.8%、小城市0.3%。大城市食品的甜蜜素超标率0%、中等城市10.1%、小城市21.7%。大城市食品的糖精钠超标率0%、中等城市0%、小城市26.1%。以上单因素分析结果差异均有统计学意义。结论：该地食品污染状况需要引起关注，监管部门今后应加强对各类食品的监测及安全监管，并科学发布预警信息引导公众正确消费。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the pollution status of lead, cadmium, mercury, aluminum, cyclamate, saccharin sodium, nitrite and aflatoxin B1B2G1G2G2OM1 in food in order to provide basis for food safety supervision. Methods: sampling method: multistage stratified sampling was used. Monitoring network: based on the existing physical and chemical laboratory of the disease control system, 24 administrative areas in the jurisdiction set up monitoring points to carry out sampling and testing. Methods: SAS9.13 software was used to analyze the collected data, including descriptive analysis and single factor test. When the theoretical frequency was less than 1, the Fisher exact probability method was used. Results: 1. The total qualified rate of food in this area was 94.93% (2623 / 2763), and the surpassing rates of eight substances were: lead 5.6% (35 / 624), cadmium 3.27% (20 / 611), mercury 1.6% (10 / 622), aluminum 24% (24 / 100), aflatoxin 0% (0 / 140), cyclamate 12.08% (18 / 149), sodium saccharin 8.16% (12 / 147), nitrite 3.89% (7180). The results of comparison with the national average showed that the percentage of lead in vegetables exceeded the national standard by 13.6a, which was higher than the national average by 6.8 percent, the egg lead exceeded the standard by 6.64percent, and was higher than the national average by 5.8. The exceeding rate of grain cadmium is 5.46, which is higher than the national average level of 2.1, and the rate of meat cadmium exceeding the standard is 6.6, which is higher than the national average level of 2.0. Cruller Youtiao exceeded the standard by 82 percent, higher than the national average of 64.5. The over-standard rate of marinated vegetable cyclamate was 11.3, which was higher than the national average of 10.2, and the rate of cyclamate exceeded the national standard was 33.3, which was higher than the national average 26.6. The surpassing rate of saccharin sodium was 32.1g, which was higher than the national average level of 16.66.3.The exceeding standard rate of lead, pig kidney cadmium, mercury and marinated vegetable cyclamate in 2010 and the average content of aluminum in grain products were all lower than that in 2009, showing a downward trend. The average aluminum content in fried foods in 2010 was 2. 46 times higher than in 2009, with an upward trend of 4. 4%. The results of comparison between urban and rural, as well as large and medium-sized cities: the lead excess rate of urban food was 4.0, lower than that of rural 10.6. Food lead exceeded the standard rate of 9.7% in big cities, 5.5 in medium cities, 3.9 in small cities. The rate of exceeding the standard of cadmium in urban food was 2.7%, which was lower than that in rural area (5.6%). The mercury excess rate in urban food was 0.8, which was lower than that in rural areas. The mercury excess rate of food in big cities is 3.9 percent, that in medium cities is 2.8 percent, and that in small cities is 0.3 percent. The rate of cyclamate exceeded the standard for mega-city food is 0, medium city is 10. 1 and small city is 21. 7. The sugar sodium of the big city food exceeds the standard rate 0, the middle city 0, the small city 26. 1. The results of single factor analysis were statistically significant. Conclusion: the situation of food pollution in this area needs to be paid attention to. The supervision department should strengthen the monitoring and safety supervision of all kinds of food in the future, and issue early warning information scientifically to guide the public to consume correctly.
【学位授予单位】：重庆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R155.5

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