广州市2011—2015年新发职业病情况分析

发布时间：2018-09-11 07:18

【摘要】：目的分析广州市2011—2015年职业病发病现状,为制定职业病防治政策规划提供科学依据。方法对2011—2015年全市职业病报告数据进行统计分析。结果 5年间报告新发职业病共7大类25种714例;其中,男性648例,女性66例,发病年龄为(43.0±8.5)岁。以职业性尘肺病及其他呼吸系统疾病、职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病、职业性化学中毒和物理因素所致职业病为主,分别有314、131、127和111例,共占95.6%。职业性尘肺病310例,以电焊工尘肺病和矽肺为主,分别有174和96例,共占87.1%。职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病以职业性噪声聋为主,有130例(占99.2%)。职业性急性化学中毒以职业性急性1,2-二氯乙烷中毒为主,有39例(占90.7%);职业性慢性化学中毒以苯、铅中毒为主,分别有61和22例(占72.6%、26.2%)。职业性物理因素所致职业病以职业性手臂振动病为主,有101例(占91.0%)。全市12个区均有报告新发职业病,以萝岗区、黄埔区、南沙区和白云区为主,共占71.4%。行业分布以船舶和金属制品业新发病例数最多,共占54.6%。企业经济类型分布以国有经济和外商、港澳台经济企业为主,共占75.4%。结论应将电焊工尘肺、矽肺、职业性手臂振动病、职业性噪声聋和由苯、铅、二氯乙烷等化学物引起的职业性化学中毒作为广州市重点职业病进行监督管理。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the present situation of occupational disease in Guangzhou from 2011 to 2015, and to provide scientific basis for the planning of occupational disease prevention policy. Methods the data of occupational disease report from 2011 to 2015 were analyzed statistically. Results A total of 714 new occupational diseases were reported in the past five years, including 648 males and 66 females, with an age of (43.0 卤8.5) years. Occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases, occupational otorhinolaryngology and oral diseases, occupational chemical poisoning and physical factors were the main causes of occupational diseases, accounting for 95.6%. Of 310 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis, 174 cases were electric welder pneumoconiosis and 96 cases were silicosis, accounting for 87.1%. Occupational noise-induced deafness was the leading cause of occupational otorhinolaryngology and oral diseases, accounting for 99.2% (130 / 130). 39 cases (90.7%) of occupational acute chemical poisoning were caused by occupational acute 1-chloride-dichloroethane poisoning, and 61 cases (72.6%) of occupational chronic chemical poisoning were mainly benzene and lead poisoning (72.6%). The occupational diseases caused by occupational physical factors were mainly occupational arm vibration, 101 cases (91.0%). New occupational diseases were reported in 12 districts of the city, mainly Luogang District, Huangpu District, Nansha District and Baiyun District. The number of new cases in ship and metal products industry was the most, accounting for 54.6 percent. The economic types of enterprises are mainly state-owned and foreign, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, accounting for 75.4%. Conclusion the occupational chemical poisoning caused by benzene, lead, dichloroethane and other chemicals in welders' pneumoconiosis, silicosis, occupational arm vibration, occupational noise deafness and chemical poisoning caused by benzene, lead and dichloroethane should be regarded as the key occupational diseases in Guangzhou.
【作者单位】：广州市职业病防治院;
【基金】：广州市民生科技重大项目(2014Y2-00067) 广东省“十二五”医学重点专科(粤卫函[2012]20号) 广州市医学重点学科建设项目(穗卫科[2013]21号) 广州市职业环境与健康效应实验室建设项目(2014SY000020) 广州市“121人才梯队工程”后备人才项目(穗人社发[2011]167号)
【分类号】：R13

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