青浦区作业场所空气中电焊烟尘及矽尘浓度的主动监测

发布时间：2018-10-14 12:00

【摘要】：[目的]采用主动监测的方式了解上海市青浦区电焊烟尘和矽尘危害状况及其影响因素,为开展电焊烟尘和矽尘危害的干预工作提供基础。[方法]随机选择青浦区20家电焊企业68个电焊岗位和30家矽尘暴露企业106个矽尘接尘岗位,作业岗位劳动者佩戴个体空气采样器采集工作场所空气中粉尘,采用称重法检测粉尘浓度,分析粉尘超标情况及其影响因素。[结果]电焊烟尘浓度M、P25及P75分别为2.95、1.23及8.55 mg/m3;矽尘浓度M、P25及P75分别为3.35、1.06及6.46 mg/m3。50家粉尘监测企业超标率为74.00%,岗位超标率为70.11%,其中电焊烟尘监测企业超标率为50.00%,岗位超标率为42.65%;矽尘企业超标率为90.00%,岗位超标率为87.74%。电焊烟尘浓度主要影响因素为作业特征(P=0.007)和焊接种类(P=0.006)。矽尘浓度主要影响因素为作业环境(P=0.000)和作业时间(P=0.001)。[结论]青浦区电焊烟尘和矽尘危害比较严重,而焊接作业种类和控制电焊作业时间可以作为电焊烟尘危害干预的重点。改善作业环境特征、控制作业时间可以作为对矽尘危害干预的重点。
[Abstract]:[objective] to understand the hazard of welding smoke and silica dust and its influencing factors by active monitoring in Qingpu District, Shanghai, and to provide the basis for the intervention work of electric welding smoke dust and silica dust hazard. [methods] Sixty-eight welding posts in 20 electric welding enterprises in Qingpu District and 106 silicon dust exposure positions in 30 silicon dust exposure enterprises were randomly selected. The workers in the working posts wore individual air samplers to collect dust from the workplace air. The dust concentration was measured by weighing method, and the situation of dust exceeding standard and its influencing factors were analyzed. [results] the concentration of MNP25 and P75 were 2.95 and 8.55 mg/m3;, respectively. MNP25 and P75 were 3.35 mg/m3.50, 1.06 and 6.46 mg/m3.50, respectively. The rate of exceeding the standard was 74.00, and the post exceeded the standard was 70.11. The rate of exceeding the standard is 42.65, the rate of exceeding the standard of the enterprise is 90.00000, the rate of post exceeding the standard is 87.74. The main influencing factors of welding smoke concentration were working characteristic (P0. 007) and welding type (P0. 006). The main influencing factors of silica dust concentration were working environment (P0. 000) and working time (P0. 001). [conclusion] the hazard of welding smoke and silica dust is serious in Qingpu District, and the types of welding and the control of welding time can be taken as the focus of hazard intervention. Improving the working environment and controlling the working time can be regarded as the focus of the intervention on the hazard of silica dust.
【作者单位】：青浦区疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制科;
【基金】：青浦区区科委资助项目(编号:青科发2015-35)
【分类号】：R134.4

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