深圳市常住居民膳食结构与营养素摄入状况评价

发布时间：2018-10-19 20:32

【摘要】：目的了解深圳市居民的膳食结构、营养素摄入现状,为制定卫生政策和指导居民合理膳食提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层与人口成比例的整群随机抽样的方法,2011年2月到7月在深圳市8个区中按人口比例抽取12个社区,在每个被抽取的社区随机抽取75户居民(居住5年及以上),再将每个家庭中15岁及以上家庭成员作为调查对象参与一般问卷调查和膳食调查。结果深圳市居民谷类薯类及杂豆、蔬菜类、蛋类的摄入量分别为每标准人日257.8、336.7、31.3 g,符合中国居民平衡膳食宝塔推荐值要求;水果类、鱼虾类、奶类及其制品、大豆类及坚果的摄入量分别为标准人日97.9、59.9、43.3、15.5 g,未达膳食宝塔推荐值要求;畜禽肉类、油脂、盐的摄入量分别为每标准人日159.8、41.8、10.9 g,远远超过膳食宝塔推荐值。深圳市居民能量每标准人日摄入量为8.55 MJ(2043.7 kcal),蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物摄入量分别为71.2、88.3、239.3g,提供的能量比(%)分别为13.9、39.2、46.9;谷类、动物性食物、豆类提供的能量分别占35.4%、23.0%、4.0%。烟酸和维生素E平均每标准人日摄入量充足,维生素A、硫胺素、核黄素的平均每标准人日摄入量相对不足;磷、钠、铁、锰的摄入量充足,硒和钾的摄入量稍微低于RNIs,钙、镁、锌、铜的摄入量较低。结论深圳市居民膳食结构较往年有所改善,但水果类、鱼虾类、奶类及其制品、大豆类及坚果的摄入量未达推荐摄入量,畜禽肉类、油脂、盐的摄入量仍远高于推荐摄入量;三大营养物质供能比不平衡。仍需加强平衡膳食知识的宣传教育,促进合理膳食习惯的形成,防止发生营养相关慢性疾病。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the present situation of dietary structure and nutrient intake of residents in Shenzhen, and to provide scientific basis for making health policy and guiding residents to eat reasonably. Methods A multi-stage stratified and population-proportional cluster random sampling method was used to select 12 communities in 8 districts of Shenzhen from February to July 2011. A total of 75 households (living for 5 years or more) were randomly selected in each of the selected communities, and then the family members aged 15 and above were selected to participate in the general questionnaire survey and the dietary survey. Results the intake of cereals, mixed beans, vegetables and eggs was 257.8336.7g per standard person day in Shenzhen, which was in line with the recommended value of balanced Dietary pagoda for Chinese residents, including fruits, fish and shrimp, milk and its products. The intake of soybean and nut were 97.9 ~ 59.9g / d and 43.3g / d, respectively, which did not reach the recommended value of dietary pagoda, and the intake of meat, fat and salt for livestock and poultry were 159.8g / d, 41.8g / d, respectively, which far exceeded the recommended value of dietary pagoda. The daily energy intake per standard person in Shenzhen was 8.55 MJ (2043.7 kcal), protein, fat, carbohydrate intake was 71.2) 88.3239.3 g, the energy ratio (%) was 13.9n 39.2%, respectively, and the energy supplied by cereals, animal foods and legumes accounted for 35.423.04.04.00.The energy intake of Shenzhen residents was 8.55 MJ (2043.7 kcal), protein, fat and carbohydrate intake), respectively. The average daily intake of niacin and vitamin E per standard person is adequate, the average daily intake of vitamin A, thiamine and riboflavin per standard person is relatively insufficient; the intake of phosphorus, sodium, iron and manganese is adequate; the intake of selenium and potassium is slightly lower than that of RNIs, calcium, magnesium, Zinc, copper intake is low. Conclusion the dietary structure of Shenzhen residents was improved, but the intake of fruits, fish and shrimp, milk and its products, soybeans and nuts did not reach the recommended intake. The intake of livestock, poultry, fat and salt was still much higher than the recommended intake. The ratio of three nutrients to energy is unbalanced. It is still necessary to strengthen the propaganda and education of balanced dietary knowledge to promote the formation of rational dietary habits and to prevent the occurrence of nutrition-related chronic diseases.
【作者单位】：深圳市慢性病防治中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(No.81102127) 国家科技支撑计划课题(No.2012BAI02B02)
【分类号】：R151.42

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