温州市养老院老年人健康与营养状况研究

发布时间：2018-11-11 21:14

【摘要】：目的通过对温州市老年人健康与营养状况的调查研究,可以为改善养老院老年人生活质量提供科学的依据,为养老机构的发展提供具体的建议。方法2009年9月至2009年10月整群抽取温州市两所养老院240名有生活自理能力的老人作为研究对象,对其体格状况、慢性病患病情况以及营养状况进行调查,分析各年龄段人群肥胖患病率、高血压、高血糖及血脂异常的发生率,并对老年人每日摄入食物的消费量情况进行调查,采用称重法进行连续3天膳食调查,称量食堂每日每餐各种饭菜食物烹调前的生重、烹调后的熟重、吃剩的重量,记录出售的份数,计算每份饭菜中各种食物重量,记录每餐每种饭菜的进餐人数,进餐者记录每餐所进食的饭菜名称,同时记录每日水果及饮品的摄入量。并用LKAT软件计算平均每人每日食物、能量及各种营养素的摄入量。结果养老院老年人中超重及肥胖分别为23.7%、15%,老年人随着年龄的增长体重呈逐渐下降趋势。老年人贫血检出率为12.9%,且男性检出率明显高于女性(P0.05)；高血压占53.3%,血糖升高者占22.9%,血脂异常者中,TC升高者占36.9%,且男性发生率明显低于女性(P0.05)；TG升高者占36.3%。对养老院老年人营养调查显示,老年人能量、蛋白质、维生素B1、维生素PP、铁、锌摄入量较充裕。但维生素B2和维生素C缺乏,维生素A和钙缺乏严重。结论高血压、高血糖、高血脂的检出率较高,应对其进行护理干预,定期健康体检,进行做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗是极为重要的。在营养方面,养老院老年人膳食结构不合理,应制定合理营养平衡膳食制度,以保证老年人营养均衡。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the health and nutrition status of the elderly in Wenzhou City, and to provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of life of the elderly in nursing homes, and to provide specific suggestions for the development of pension institutions. Methods from September 2009 to October 2009, 240 elderly people with self-care ability in two nursing homes in Wenzhou City were selected by cluster sampling, and their physical condition, chronic disease and nutritional status were investigated. The prevalence of obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in different age groups were analyzed. The daily food consumption of the elderly was investigated, and the dietary survey was carried out for 3 consecutive days by weighing method. Weighing the weight of every meal in the canteen before cooking, the weight of cooked food after cooking, the weight of leftovers, recording the number of portions sold, calculating the weight of each meal, and recording the number of meals for each meal, The diner recorded the meal name for each meal and the daily intake of fruit and drinks. The average daily intake of food, energy and nutrients was calculated by LKAT software. Results the overweight and obesity of elderly in nursing home were 23. 7 and 15, respectively. The weight of elderly decreased gradually with the increase of age. The prevalence rate of anemia in the elderly was 12.9, and the positive rate of male was significantly higher than that of female (P0.05). Hypertension accounted for 53.3%, blood glucose increased 22.9%, abnormal blood lipids accounted for 36.9%, and the incidence of male was significantly lower than that of female (P0.05); TG increased 36.3%). The nutritional survey of the elderly in nursing homes showed that the elderly had abundant intake of energy, protein, vitamin B1, vitamin PP, iron and zinc. But vitamin B2 and vitamin C deficiency, vitamin A and calcium deficiency is serious. Conclusion the detection rate of hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia is high. It is very important to carry out nursing intervention, regular physical examination, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. In the aspect of nutrition, the diet structure of the elderly in nursing home is unreasonable, so we should establish a reasonable nutrition balanced diet system to ensure the nutrition balance of the elderly.
【学位授予单位】：安徽医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R153.3

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