北京市中小学校体育课运动负荷现况及其对心率曲线的影响

发布时间：2018-11-14 12:25

【摘要】：目的评价北京市中小学校体育课运动负荷现状,为建立并完善体育课卫生监督方案和指导学校提高体育课运动效果提供依据。方法采用典型抽样的方法,在北京市16个区县共抽取36所小学、36所初中、36所高中的720节体育课,使用运动心率表(POLAR FT4型)、秒表等仪器对每节体育课按学生体育成绩等级抽取的5名健康学生(实际有效样本量3 598名)进行心率、运动时间等内容的现场监测,计算运动强度、运动密度及运动时间各项指标的合格率。结果学生体育课基本部分平均心率合格率为96.38%,最大心率合格率为63.47%。体育课运动密度合格率为40.56%。体育课各部分时间安排均合格的仅有11.11%,其中开始部分时长合格率为44.86%,结束部分时长合格率为47.08%。心率曲线合格的体育课共110节,合格率为15.28%;监测的3 598名学生中,75.79%心率曲线高峰在开始部分和准备部分提前出现,18.15%心率曲线高峰在结束部分后置出现。结论大部分体育课运动强度能够达到基本卫生要求,但运动密度、运动时间等指标合格率较低,不合理的运动安排引起学生生理指标异常变化。应加强对体育课的卫生监测与指导。
[Abstract]:Objective to evaluate the current situation of physical education in primary and secondary schools in Beijing, and to provide basis for establishing and perfecting the health supervision program of physical education and guiding schools to improve the effect of physical education. Methods A total of 720 physical education classes were selected from 36 primary schools, 36 junior middle schools and 36 senior high schools in 16 districts and counties of Beijing using exercise heart rate meter (POLAR FT4 type). The stopwatch and other instruments monitored the heart rate, exercise time and other contents of 5 healthy students (3,598 actual valid samples) according to the grades of students' physical education scores in each physical education class, and calculated the exercise intensity. The qualified rate of exercise density and exercise time. Results the average qualified rate of heart rate and maximum rate of heart rate were 96.38 and 63.47 respectively. The qualified rate of sports density in PE class was 40.56. There are only 11.11 qualified in each part of PE class, in which the qualified rate of the beginning part is 44.86 and the end part is 47.08. There were 110 courses in which the heart rate curve was qualified, and the qualified rate was 15.28; Of the 3 598 students monitored, 75.79% of the heart rate curve peaks appeared earlier in the beginning part and the preparatory part, and 18.15% of the heart rate curve peak appeared after the end part. Conclusion most sports intensity can reach the basic health requirement, but the qualified rate of exercise density and exercise time is low, and unreasonable exercise arrangement causes abnormal changes of students' physiological index. Health monitoring and guidance of physical education should be strengthened.
【作者单位】：北京市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所;北京市教育委员会;北京市东城区中小学卫生保健所;
【分类号】：R179;G633.96

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