社会经济学视角下孟加拉农村儿童营养不良的现状和决定因素研究

发布时间：2018-11-16 20:20

【摘要】：在过去的十年中,孟加拉国经济快速发展,数以百万计的贫困人民实现了脱贫。然而,尽管近年来在经济方面有着突破的进步,这样的发展成果却未能使全国儿童的营养状况有所进步。目前孟加拉国三分之一以上的人口营养不良,儿童的营养状况更加糟糕,尤其是农村孩子。与我们普遍理解的相反,五岁以下营养不良的男孩和女孩在比例上没有显著差异。目前的研究主要是关于社会经济地位方面的差异对儿童营养不良的影响,并调查家庭贫困指数如何影响儿童营养状况。并尝试研究孟加拉国学龄前5岁以下儿童营养状况的趋势,模式和存在问题。本研究针对孟加拉国农村地区5岁以下儿童的现况,通过家庭访谈以及对儿童进行人体测量评估其营养状况来收集数据,并根据分层抽样技术采集200个年龄在5岁以下的学龄前儿童作为样本。该研究通过二元和多元分析来确定孟加拉国农村学龄前儿童营养状况(如矮小、瘦弱、体重不足)的决定因素。并且采用多项逻辑回归分析来评估社会地位的不同对矮小,瘦弱,体重不足儿童的影响。研究结果表明,51%的儿童发育迟缓,17%的消瘦,42%的体重不足。这个结果低于全国普遍的营养状况：即41%发育迟缓,36%体重不足和16%的消瘦。整个研究对象中,营养不良的孩子们更多是来自于社会经济地位较低的家庭。双变量分析中,卡方检验显示：这些发育迟缓、消瘦、体重不足的孩子,他们家庭的贫困状况、母亲的教育情况、母亲的职业地位、营养意识以及孩子的出生顺序在统计范畴内都有重要的关系。值得一提的是,似然比检验证明了逻辑回归模型的重要意义。研究的对象中,我们发现家庭的贫困程度对于学龄前儿童的营养状况起着重大的决定性因素。因此,可以说社会经济地位是学龄前儿童营养状况的关键因素,同时营养不良对于社会经济地位来说既是前因也是后果。这项研究提高了我们对发病率和危险因素的理解,从而有助于更好的设计、实施营养干预措施以降低孟加拉国儿童的死亡率和发病率。
[Abstract]:Bangladesh's economy has grown rapidly over the past decade, lifting millions of poor people out of poverty. However, despite economic breakthroughs in recent years, such developments have failed to improve the nutritional status of children across the country. More than 1/3 people in Bangladesh are malnourished, and children are worse off, especially in rural areas. Contrary to our general understanding, there is no significant difference in the proportion of undernourished boys and girls under five years of age. Current studies focus on the impact of socioeconomic status differences on child malnutrition and how household poverty indicators affect children's nutritional status. And try to study the trends, patterns and problems of nutritional status of children under 5 years of age in Bangladesh. This study collected data on the status of children under 5 years of age in rural Bangladesh through family interviews and anthropometric assessment of the nutritional status of children. 200 preschool children under 5 years old were collected by stratified sampling technique. The study used binary and multivariate analysis to determine the determinants of the nutritional status of rural preschool children in Bangladesh, such as small, thin and underweight. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of different social status on short, thin and underweight children. The results showed that 51% of children were stunted, 17% were thin and 42% were underweight. The results are lower than the country's general nutritional status: 41% stunted, 36% underweight and 16% emaciated. Malnutrition children were more likely to come from lower-socioeconomic families throughout the study. In the bivariate analysis, the chi-square test showed that these stunted, thin, underweight children, their family poverty, mother's education, mother's professional status, Nutritional awareness and the birth order of the child are important in the statistical category. It is worth mentioning that the likelihood ratio test proves the significance of the logical regression model. Among the subjects, we found that the poverty level of the family plays a decisive role in the nutritional status of preschool children. Therefore, it can be said that social and economic status is the key factor of preschool children's nutritional status, and malnutrition is both a cause and a consequence of socioeconomic status. This research has improved our understanding of morbidity and risk factors, thus contributing to better design and implementation of nutritional interventions to reduce child mortality and morbidity in Bangladesh.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R153.2

【共引文献】