福州市医用诊断X射线机摄影所致受检者照射剂量研究

发布时间：2018-11-20 20:51

【摘要】：目的了解福州市医用诊断X射线摄影机摄影所致受检者的入射体表剂量(ESD)水平。方法采用整群抽样方法,2014年选择福州市38家不同级别医院经影像质量控制检测合格的52台医用诊断X射线摄影机,摄影体位包括头颅、胸部、腰椎和胸椎的正位与侧位,以标准水模体模拟成人受检者,将热释光剂量计布放于标准水模体的照射野中央位置,用正常临床投照条件曝光进行ESD检测。结果 X射线摄影所致受检者的ESD为0.35~17.90 m Gy,其中胸部正位摄影体位最低,为(0.35±0.03)m Gy,腰椎侧位摄影体位最高,为(17.90±1.26)m Gy。8种摄影体位X射线摄影机摄影所致受检者ESD均分别低于GB 16348—2010《医用X射线诊断受检者放射卫生防护标准》推荐的相同体位典型成年受检者X射线摄影的剂量指导水平。直接数字化X射线摄影系统(DR机)和计算机X射线摄影系统(CR机)所致受检者ESD在头颅、腰椎、胸椎的正位和侧位体位分别低于普通X射线机(P0.05);DR机和CR机所致受检者ESD在头颅、腰椎、胸椎的正位和侧位体位分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);上述3种X射线摄影机在胸部正位和侧位所致受检者ESD分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 DR机和CR机摄影致受检者ESD低于普通X射线机,普及DR机与CR机有利于降低受检者受照剂量。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the (ESD) level of incident surface dose in patients with medical diagnostic X-ray camera in Fuzhou. Methods by cluster sampling, 52 medical diagnostic X-ray cameras were selected from 38 hospitals in Fuzhou in 2014, which were qualified for image quality control. The position of the radiographs included head, chest, lumbar vertebrae and lateral position of thoracic vertebrae. The standard water motif was used to simulate the adult subjects, and the thermoluminescence meter was placed in the central position of the irradiation field of the standard water mode. The ESD was detected by exposure under normal clinical irradiation conditions. Results the ESD of the subjects examined by X-ray radiography was 0.35 ~ 17.90 m Gy, and the position of the chest was the lowest (0.35 卤0.03) m Gy,). The lateral position of the lumbar vertebrae was the highest. For (17.90 卤1.26) m Gy.8 position X-ray camera, the ESD of the subjects were lower than that of GB 16348-2010. The standard for radiological health protection of medical X-ray diagnostic examinees was lower than that recommended by GB 16348-2010. Dose guidance level of X-ray radiography in subjects. The direct digital X-ray imaging system (DR) and the computer X-ray imaging system (CR) caused ESD in the head, lumbar vertebrae and thoracic vertebrae were lower than those in the normal X-ray machine (P0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive position and lateral position of the head, lumbar vertebrae and thoracic vertebrae caused by DR and CR (P0.05). There was no significant difference in ESD between the above three X-ray cameras in the positive and lateral chest position (P0.05). Conclusion the ESD of the patients with DR and CR radiography is lower than that of the ordinary X-ray machines. The popularization of DR and CR is helpful to reduce the dose of radiation.
【作者单位】：福建医科大学公共卫生学院;福州市疾病预防控制中心;
【分类号】：R144

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