北方某地农村改水降氟工程非正常运行原因及经济学分析
发布时间：2018-11-24 08:49
【摘要】：目前,改水降氟是饮水型氟中毒病区的基本防治策略。它通常包括打深井、引水、理化除氟等多种形式。在改水降氟工程竣工以后进行的运行现状和效果评估调查发现,有一定数量的工程水氟超标或者已经报废。这种情况直接导致的后果为病区居民继续饮用高氟水,面临氟中毒的风险。因此,分析非正常运行改水降氟工程成因及其经济影响具有十分重要的现实意义。 目的 分析改水降氟工程水氟超标或报废的原因；收集改水降氟工程建设成本和经常性成本信息,对改水降氟工程进行相关经济学分析。 方法 按照分层随机抽样的方法,在已查明防病改水地区范围内抽取一定数量的水氟超标工程和报废工程。通过查阅历史资料、现场问卷调查等方式获取所需信息。分析造成改水降氟工程非正常运行的原因,对改水降氟工程的成本和使用情况作描述性研究,并进行经济学评价。 结果 4.1在39处改水降氟工程中,水氟超标主要原因为井壁破裂和除氟设备老化,分别占到51.28%和41.03%；其次为无人管理和缺乏除氟药剂,各占5.13%和2.56%。 4.28处改水降氟工程的主要报废原因为超过使用年限和管壁破裂,各占50.00%和25.00%；其次为水质太差和水量不足,分别占12.50%和12.50%。 4.318处水氟超标工程既往正常运转状态下提供低氟水的平均年限为16.86±7.94年,8处已报废工程的平均使用寿命为15.76±5.01年,均超过工程设计使用年限15年。 4.4本次调查选取的18处水氟超标工程的建设成本均值为21.11±6.50万元,经常性成本均值为1.74±1.45万元/年：8处报废工程的建设成本均值为14.19±3.69万元,经常性成本均值为0.98±0.45万元/年。 4.5改水降氟工程水氟超标后,所在自然村多数选取再次改水,极少数采取在原工程基础上更换设备的方式。经统计学分析,再次改水和更换设备在建设成本、经常性成本、年均总成本和人均年成本上均无显著性差异。 4.6改水降氟工程报废后,多数自然村选择建造单村工程,少数建造联合工程。单村工程时在建设成本、经常性成本和年均总成本上均小于村联合工程,但在人均年成本上二者无显著统计学差异。 4.78处报废改水降氟工程的实际服务效益年为1806.63万元·年,预期服务效益年为1702.50万元·年,实际值为预期值的106.12%。 结论 5.1改水降氟工程的水氟超标问题主要出现在除氟设备老化和井壁破裂这两个环节上,少数由管理不当和资金缺乏所致。 5.2使用年限过长和因各种原因导致的管壁破裂是改水降氟工程报废的主要原因。 5.3在发现改水降氟工程水氟超标以后,无论选择再次改水或原工程基础上更换设备,其成本投入没有差别。 5.4建造单村工程和村联合工程的人均年成本投入没有差异。 5.5改水降氟对当地经济发展起到积极的促进作用。
[Abstract]:At present, improving water and reducing fluoride is the basic control strategy of drinking water fluorosis area. It usually includes drilling deep wells, water diversion, physical and chemical defluorination and other forms. After the completion of the fluorine reduction project, it is found that a certain number of project water fluorine exceeds the standard or has been abandoned. The direct consequence of this situation is that residents continue to drink high-fluorine water and face the risk of fluorosis. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to analyze the causes and the economic impact of the abnormal operation of water reform and fluorine reduction project. Objective to analyze the reasons of water fluorine exceeding the standard or waste, to collect the information of construction cost and recurrent cost of water fluorine reduction project, and to analyze the relevant economics of water fluorine reduction project. Methods according to the method of stratified random sampling, a certain number of water fluorine exceeding standard engineering and scrapping project were extracted in the area of disease prevention and water improvement. Access to historical materials, field surveys and other ways to obtain the required information. This paper analyzes on the causes of abnormal operation of water modification and fluorine reduction project, studies the cost and usage of the water improvement and fluoride reduction project, and carries out an economic evaluation. Results in 39 water defluorination projects, the main causes of water fluorine excess were well wall rupture and defluorination equipment aging, accounting for 51.28% and 41.03% respectively. The second was unmanaged and lack of defluorides, accounting for 5.13% and 2.56% respectively. 4.28 the main reasons of waste rejection were over service life and pipe wall rupture, accounting for 50.00% and 25.00% respectively, followed by poor water quality and insufficient water quantity, accounting for 12.50% and 12.50% respectively. The average life of providing low fluorine water in the past normal operation state of 4.318 water fluorine exceeding standard projects is 16.86 卤7.94 years, and the average service life of 8 abandoned projects is 15.76 卤5.01, which is more than 15 years of engineering design life. 4.4 the average construction cost and recurrent cost of the 18 water fluorine exceeding standard projects selected in this investigation are 21.11 卤65000 yuan, 1.74 卤14500 yuan / year and 14.19 卤36900 yuan respectively. The average recurrent cost was 0.98 卤4500 yuan per year. 4.5 after the fluorine reduction project exceeded the standard, most of the villages in the natural village chose to change the water again, and a few of them adopted the method of replacing the equipment on the basis of the original project. The statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in construction cost, recurrent cost, annual total cost and per capita annual cost. 4.6 after the project was scrapped, most natural villages chose to build single village projects and a few to build joint projects. The construction cost, recurrent cost and annual total cost of single village project are smaller than those of village joint project, but there is no significant difference in per capita annual cost. 4.78 the actual service benefit year is 18.0663 million yuan years and the expected service benefit year is 17.025 million yuan year. The actual value is 106.12 yuan of the expected value. Conclusion the problem of water fluorine exceeding standard in 5.1 water fluorine reduction project mainly occurs in the two links of defluorination equipment aging and wellbore rupture, and a few are caused by improper management and lack of funds. 5.2 long service life and pipe wall breakage caused by various reasons are the main reasons for the waste of fluorine reduction project. 5.3 after it was found that the fluorine in the water of the water improvement project exceeded the standard, the cost of the equipment was not different whether the water was changed again or the equipment was replaced on the basis of the original project. 5.4 there is no difference in per capita annual cost input between single village project and village joint project. 5.5 improving water and reducing fluorine play a positive role in promoting local economic development.
【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R123.9;F323.213
本文编号：2353028
[Abstract]:At present, improving water and reducing fluoride is the basic control strategy of drinking water fluorosis area. It usually includes drilling deep wells, water diversion, physical and chemical defluorination and other forms. After the completion of the fluorine reduction project, it is found that a certain number of project water fluorine exceeds the standard or has been abandoned. The direct consequence of this situation is that residents continue to drink high-fluorine water and face the risk of fluorosis. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to analyze the causes and the economic impact of the abnormal operation of water reform and fluorine reduction project. Objective to analyze the reasons of water fluorine exceeding the standard or waste, to collect the information of construction cost and recurrent cost of water fluorine reduction project, and to analyze the relevant economics of water fluorine reduction project. Methods according to the method of stratified random sampling, a certain number of water fluorine exceeding standard engineering and scrapping project were extracted in the area of disease prevention and water improvement. Access to historical materials, field surveys and other ways to obtain the required information. This paper analyzes on the causes of abnormal operation of water modification and fluorine reduction project, studies the cost and usage of the water improvement and fluoride reduction project, and carries out an economic evaluation. Results in 39 water defluorination projects, the main causes of water fluorine excess were well wall rupture and defluorination equipment aging, accounting for 51.28% and 41.03% respectively. The second was unmanaged and lack of defluorides, accounting for 5.13% and 2.56% respectively. 4.28 the main reasons of waste rejection were over service life and pipe wall rupture, accounting for 50.00% and 25.00% respectively, followed by poor water quality and insufficient water quantity, accounting for 12.50% and 12.50% respectively. The average life of providing low fluorine water in the past normal operation state of 4.318 water fluorine exceeding standard projects is 16.86 卤7.94 years, and the average service life of 8 abandoned projects is 15.76 卤5.01, which is more than 15 years of engineering design life. 4.4 the average construction cost and recurrent cost of the 18 water fluorine exceeding standard projects selected in this investigation are 21.11 卤65000 yuan, 1.74 卤14500 yuan / year and 14.19 卤36900 yuan respectively. The average recurrent cost was 0.98 卤4500 yuan per year. 4.5 after the fluorine reduction project exceeded the standard, most of the villages in the natural village chose to change the water again, and a few of them adopted the method of replacing the equipment on the basis of the original project. The statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in construction cost, recurrent cost, annual total cost and per capita annual cost. 4.6 after the project was scrapped, most natural villages chose to build single village projects and a few to build joint projects. The construction cost, recurrent cost and annual total cost of single village project are smaller than those of village joint project, but there is no significant difference in per capita annual cost. 4.78 the actual service benefit year is 18.0663 million yuan years and the expected service benefit year is 17.025 million yuan year. The actual value is 106.12 yuan of the expected value. Conclusion the problem of water fluorine exceeding standard in 5.1 water fluorine reduction project mainly occurs in the two links of defluorination equipment aging and wellbore rupture, and a few are caused by improper management and lack of funds. 5.2 long service life and pipe wall breakage caused by various reasons are the main reasons for the waste of fluorine reduction project. 5.3 after it was found that the fluorine in the water of the water improvement project exceeded the standard, the cost of the equipment was not different whether the water was changed again or the equipment was replaced on the basis of the original project. 5.4 there is no difference in per capita annual cost input between single village project and village joint project. 5.5 improving water and reducing fluorine play a positive role in promoting local economic development.
【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R123.9;F323.213
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