成都市儿童青少年青春期发育及相关家庭因素分析

发布时间：2018-11-27 13:31

【摘要】：目的调查成都市7~16岁儿童青少年青春期发育现状并分析影响其发育的相关家庭因素,为了解其生长发育长期趋势及影响因素提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样法选取成都市1 810名7~16岁儿童青少年作为研究对象,采用现场观测和问卷调查的方法收集其青春期发育状况及相关家庭因素信息。结果成都市男孩睾丸发育启动中位年龄为11.90岁,阴毛发育为12.80岁,初次遗精(以下简称"初遗")中位年龄为13.00岁;女孩乳房发育启动中位年龄为10.74岁,阴毛发育为11.60岁,初潮中位年龄为12.23岁。相比已初遗组男孩,未初遗组男孩父母亲受教育水平较低,父母亲职业为务农者所占比例较大(χ2值分别为16.30,29.65,P值均0.05);女孩初潮情况与父母亲受教育水平及职业的关系与男孩初遗情况相似(P值均0.05);相反,乳房发育程度较高的女孩父母亲受教育水平较低,父母亲职业为务农者所占比例较高(χ2值分别为31.81,43.02,P值均0.05)。综合青春期不同阶段指标,男女生中均发现,相比未发育组及发育早期组儿童,发育晚期组儿童父母亲受教育水平较低(男孩父母低受教育水平的比例分别为18.58%和24.26%,女孩分别为23.21%和27.05%),父母亲职业为务农者所占比例较大(男孩分别为16.84%和19.78%,女孩分别为23.97%和26.45%)(P值均0.05)。结论相比我国东、中部城市和欧美国家,成都市儿童青少年睾丸、乳房开始发育较晚,发生初遗初潮较早。影响其青春期发育的主要家庭因素为父母亲的受教育水平及职业。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the present situation of adolescent development of 7- and 16-year-old children in Chengdu and analyze the related family factors affecting their development, so as to provide scientific basis for understanding the long-term trends and influencing factors of their growth and development. Methods 1810 children and adolescents aged 7 to 16 years old in Chengdu were selected by cluster sampling, and the information of puberty development and related family factors were collected by field observation and questionnaire survey. Results the median age of testicular development was 11.90 years old, pubic hair development was 12.80 years old, and the median age of primary spermatozoa was 13.00 years old. The median age of breast development was 10.74 years old, pubic hair development was 11.60 years, and menarche was 12.23 years old. Compared with the boys in the primary group, the education level of the parents was lower and the proportion of the parents working in agriculture was higher (蠂 ~ 2 = 16.30 ~ 29.65, P = 0.05). The relationship between the menarche of girls and their parents' education level and occupation was similar to that of boys (P < 0.05). On the contrary, girls with higher breast development had lower education level and higher proportion of parents working in agriculture (蠂 ~ 2 = 31.81, P = 43.02, P = 0.05). Combined with the indicators of different stages of puberty, boys and girls found that, compared with undeveloped and early stage children, In the late developmental group, the educational level of parents was lower (18.58% and 24.26% for boys and 23.21% and 27.05% for girls, respectively). The proportion of parents working in agriculture was higher (16.84% and 19.78% for boys, 23.97% and 26.45% for girls, respectively). Conclusion compared with the eastern and central cities of China and the European and American countries, the testis of children and adolescents in Chengdu began to develop late, and the first period of menarche occurred earlier. The main family factors affecting their puberty development are their parents' education level and occupation.
【作者单位】：四川大学华西公共卫生学院营养食品卫生与毒理学系;上海交通大学附属上海市第一人民医院;
【基金】：达能营养中心膳食营养研究与宣教基金项目(DIC2012-10)
【分类号】：R179

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