2012—2014年湖南省农村环境卫生健康危害因素调查

发布时间：2018-11-29 10:51

【摘要】：目的了解2012—2014年湖南省农村环境卫生状况及其动态变化,为农村环境卫生治理提供科学依据。方法采用统一的调查表,对30个县、600个行政村、3 000户家庭通过访谈、现场调查收集有关改水改厕、垃圾和污水处理、病媒生物的相关资料。结果湖南农村集中式供水覆盖人口由2012年的34.76%增加到2014年的61.58%;卫生厕所普及率约56%;农村生活垃圾的堆放从以随意堆放为主(34.33%)转为以定点堆放为主(56.33%),以焚烧为主要处理方式;农村生活污水排放方式仍以随意排放为主,排放地点以河流坑塘为主;2014年93.31%的农户房屋周围都有病媒孳生地。结论湖南农村整体的卫生状况不断改善,以集中式供水和卫生厕所为主,但垃圾、污水排放不规范,存在各种影响人群身体健康的危险因素,需进一步采取各种有效措施改善农村环境卫生现状。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the rural environmental health status and its dynamic changes in Hunan province from 2012 to 2014, and to provide scientific basis for rural environmental health management. Methods A unified questionnaire was used in 30 counties, 600 administrative villages and 3 000 families to collect the relevant data on changing water into toilets, garbage and sewage treatment, and vector organisms through interviews. Results the population covered by centralized water supply increased from 34.76% in 2012 to 61.58% in 2014. In the rural areas, the main way of disposal of domestic refuse is from random stowage (34.33%) to fixed-point stowage (56.33%), and incineration is the main disposal method. The main discharge mode of rural domestic sewage is free discharge, and the discharge place is mainly river pit. 93.31% of farmers' houses have vector breeding place around in 2014. Conclusion the overall sanitary condition of Hunan rural areas has been improved continuously, with centralized water supply and sanitary latrines as the main sources. However, the discharge of garbage and sewage is not standardized, and there are various risk factors affecting the health of the population. All kinds of effective measures should be taken to improve the present situation of environmental sanitation in rural areas.
【作者单位】：湖南省疾病预防控制中心公共卫生监测科;
【基金】：中央财政转移支付项目
【分类号】：R127

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