环境汞污染健康损害补偿指标体系研究

发布时间：2019-01-02 21:01

【摘要】：[研究背景]自18世纪工业革命以后,工业的迅速发展虽然带来了经济的飞速增长,但却严重污染了环境,给人类的健康带来了巨大的危害。各国政府在意识到环境对人类的重要性后,纷纷开始制定环境相关立法,以保护公民的合法权益。随着环境相关立法的不断发展与完善,世界各国除制定了一系列防治环境污染的法律之外,还针对环境污染所造成的健康损害赔偿或补偿等问题制定了相关法律,使环境污染健康损害者能够及时、有效、合理的得到应有的赔偿或补偿。而我国目前尚无环境污染健康损害赔偿或补偿的相关法律法规,亟待建立。 [研究目的]本课题旨在通过研究环境汞污染所致不同程度健康损害的补偿指标体系,为环境污染健康损害赔偿或补偿法律法规的制定提供技术支持。 [研究方法]通过文献研究收集分析汞污染、国内外环境污染健康损害赔偿等相关文献资料；比较分析我国职业性汞中毒诊断标准与环境污染汞中毒诊断分级标准,结合我国现有的健康损害分级相关资料与环境汞污染的健康效应,将环境汞污染健康损害进行分级；通过对我国现行的人身损害赔偿指标的比较分析,结合国外环境污染健康损害赔偿指标及环境汞污染的特性,拟定出环境汞污染健康损害补偿指标,并通过专家讨论进行确定；以环境汞污染的健康损害分级为基础,结合拟定的环境汞污染健康损害补偿指标,制定出环境汞污染所致不同程度健康损害补偿指标体系,并运用现场调研的方法验证其可行性。 [结果]经汞中毒诊断等标准比较分析,认为环境汞污染的健康损害可分为轻度健康损害、中度健康损害、重度健康损害和死亡等四级。轻度健康损害是指机体出现轻度功能障碍,无明显临床症状、体征,生活能够自理,不存在医疗依赖和护理依赖,尚能从事轻的劳动；中度健康损害是指机体出现中度功能障碍,有明显的临床症状、体征,生活能够自理,存在一般的医疗依赖,无护理依赖,丧失了部分劳动能力；重度健康损害是指机体出现严重的功能障碍,生活部分不能自理或完全不能自理,存在特殊医疗依赖和护理依赖,完全丧失了劳动能力；死亡是指因环境汞污染造成的死亡。通过对国内外人身损害赔偿相关指标的分析,拟定出我国环境汞污染健康损害补偿指标,主要包括医疗费、误工费、护理费、住宿费、医院伙食补助费、交通费、营养费、残疾生活补助费、残疾赔偿金、残疾辅助器具费、死亡赔偿金、被抚养人生活费、丧葬费和精神抚慰金等。根据环境汞污染健康损害分级,结合相关资料分析及现场验证,制定出一套不同级别损害的相应指标体系。轻度健康损害应补偿交通费、误工费和医疗费等；中度健康损害应补偿交通费、误工费、医疗费、护理费、营养费、住院伙食补助费、住宿费,若受害者残废,需支付残疾赔偿金、残疾生活补助费和残疾辅助器具费等；重度健康损害应补偿交通费、误工费、医疗费、护理费、营养费、住院伙食补助费、住宿费,若受害者残废,需支付残疾赔偿金、残疾生活补助费、残疾辅助器具费和被抚养人生活费等。死亡应补偿死亡赔偿金、丧葬费和被抚养人生活费等。 [结论及建议]研究表明,工业企业排放的汞污染物未超标,但由于长期低剂量接触而导致环境汞污染健康损害时,由政府对健康损害者进行行政补偿；工业企业排放汞污染物超标,造成环境汞污染,导致受污染人群出现健康损害时,由污染企业对健康损害者进行民事赔偿。环境汞污染健康损害补偿指标中,交通费、营养费、住院伙食补助费、住宿费、被抚养人生活费、误工费、护理费和残疾生活补助费等受地区经济差异影响,赔偿金额不同；残疾辅助器具费、丧葬费按照国家统一规定；残疾赔偿金、死亡赔偿金属于精神损害赔偿,根据以人为本、公平公正的原则,给予统一赔偿。进行资质认证,在医院中设立专门的科室对环境汞污染健康损害进行诊断和判定。本次研究因时间仓促,收集的汞中毒病例较少,且不能反应全国的情况,需要进一步验证。
[Abstract]:[Research Background] After the industrial revolution in the 18th century, the rapid development of industry has brought the rapid economic growth, but it seriously polluted the environment and brought great harm to the human health. After being aware of the importance of the environment to the human, the governments of all countries have begun to enact relevant legislation on the environment to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the citizens. With the development and perfection of the environment-related legislation, in addition to the development of a series of laws for the prevention and control of environmental pollution, the countries of the world have formulated relevant laws to solve the problems of health damage compensation or compensation caused by environmental pollution, so that the environmental pollution health-impaired can be timely and effective, Reasonable compensation or compensation. At present, there are no related laws and regulations for environmental pollution, health damage compensation or compensation, and it is urgent to establish.[Objective] This project is to provide technical support for the development of environmental pollution health damage compensation or compensation laws and regulations by studying the compensation index system of different degree of health damage caused by environmental mercury pollution. hold.[research method] collect and analyze that mercury pollution, domestic and foreign environmental pollution health damage and other relevant literature by the literature study; compare and analyze the diagnostic criteria of occupational mercury poisoning in China and the diagnosis of environmental pollution mercury poisoning According to the level standards, combined with the health effects of the existing health damage classification and the environmental mercury pollution in China, the environmental mercury pollution health damage is classified; and the ratio of the current personal injury compensation index to the country In combination with the foreign environmental pollution health damage index and the characteristics of the environmental mercury pollution, the environmental pollution health damage compensation index is developed, and the determination is made through the expert discussion; and the health damage classification of the environmental mercury pollution is carried out. On the basis of the proposed environmental pollution compensation index of environmental mercury pollution, the compensation index system of different degree of health damage caused by environmental mercury pollution is set up, and the field investigation method is used to verify the health damage compensation index system Feasibility.[Results] The health damage of the environmental mercury pollution can be classified into mild health damage, moderate health damage, severe health damage and the like compared with the standard comparative analysis of the mercury poisoning diagnosis. Grade IV of death. Mild health impairment refers to the occurrence of mild dysfunction of the body, no obvious clinical symptoms, signs, self-care of life, no medical dependence and care dependence, and light labor; and moderate health impairment refers to the moderate dysfunction of the body and has obvious clinical significance. The symptoms, the signs, the life can be self-care, there are general medical dependence, no care dependence, the partial labor ability is lost; the severe health impairment refers to the serious dysfunction of the body, the life part can't be self-care or completely unable to be self-care, there are special medical dependence and the death refers to the environmental mercury pollution. Through the analysis of the related indexes of personal injury compensation at home and abroad, the health damage compensation index of environmental mercury pollution in China is drawn up, which mainly includes the medical expenses, the cost of compensation, the nursing fee, the accommodation cost, the food allowance of the hospital, the transportation, the nutrition and the living allowance for the disabled. Fee, compensation for disability, assistive device for disability, compensation for death, cost of living for dependants, funeral expenses and develop a set of different levels according to the environmental mercury pollution health damage classification, combining relevant data analysis and on-site verification, The corresponding index system of the damage shall be the corresponding index system of the damage. The minor health damage shall compensate for the transportation, the cost of work, the medical expenses, etc.; the moderate health damage shall compensate for the transportation, the cost of work, the medical expense, the nursing fee, the nutrition fee, the food allowance for the hospitalization, the accommodation expenses, and if the victim is disabled It is necessary to pay disability compensation, disability living allowance and assistive device for disability, etc.; severe health damage shall compensate for transportation, cost of work, medical expense, nursing, nutrition, food allowance and accommodation, if the victim is disabled, the disability compensation shall be paid Payment for gold, disability living allowance, and assistive device for disability and the cost of living, etc. The death shall compensate for the death compensation and the funeral expenses.[Conclusion and Suggestion] The study shows that the mercury pollutants discharged by industrial enterprises are not in excess, but when the environmental mercury pollution is damaged due to long-term low-dose contact, the government can make administrative compensation for the health-impaired persons, and the industrial enterprises discharge the mercury pollution. When the product is in excess of the standard, causing environmental mercury pollution, the pollution enterprise will be responsible for the health damage caused by the contaminated population. Civil compensation for health-impaired persons. Among the compensation indicators for environmental mercury pollution health damage, transportation, nutrition, food allowance, accommodation, maintenance of dependants, cost of work, nursing and disability living allowance, etc. are affected by regional economic differences, and compensation The amount is different; the disability auxiliary equipment cost and the funeral expenses are in accordance with the national unified regulations; the disability compensation and the death compensation belong to the mental damages, and according to the people-oriented, fair public Positive principles, unified compensation, qualification certification, establishment of specialized departments in the hospital for environmental mercury pollution Health impairment was diagnosed and determined. The study was short of time, with fewer cases of mercury poisoning and no response to the national
【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R135.13

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