某高校医学生营养KAP与身体体质现况调查

发布时间：2019-01-06 07:34

【摘要】：目的通过调查某高校医学生的营养知识(Knowledge,K)、态度(Attitude,A)、行为(Practice,P)现状,和分析该大学生群体体质测试数据,了解大学生目前的身体健康情况及其与营养KAP的关系,为今后强化大学生健康教育、普及营养知识和改善学生体质健康提供参考依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,以自制问卷,对某高校护理学1278名学生进行营养KAP调查,按照我国2014年修订的大学生体质测试标准对学生进行肺活量、50米跑、800米跑、立定跳远、仰卧起坐进行测试。所收集数据按年级分组进行分析,用Excel软件建立数据库,SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析,了解不同年级学生的营养KAP得分、体质状况,以及两者之间的关系,计量资料组间比较用t检验,三组及以上数值资料用方差分析,计数资料比较用χ2检验。结果1.营养知识:平均得分10.1±3.2分(总分20分)。不同年级学生之间差异显著(P0.05),高年级优于低年级,营养知识答题正确率在19.5-87.5%之间,影响营养知识得分的主要因素是学生家庭居住地和父母有无不良饮食习惯。2.营养态度:平均得分31.0±5.1分(总分46分)。各年级之间无显著差异(P0.05)。获取营养知识途径比例较高的有:电视(占81.1%)、书籍(占69.6%)、网络(占69.2%)。对营养态度得分有影响的主要因素是学生家庭居住地和月均饮食消费水平。3.饮食行为和生活习惯:平均得分12.3士4.4(总分20分)。主要的饮食行为问题有:经常不吃早餐(占61.4%)、经常吃夜宵(占67.2%)、不经常吃豆制品(占89.5%)、不经常喝牛奶(占87.3%)、不经常吃蛋类(占83.3%)、经常吃零食(占79.4%)。年级之间比较有显著差异(P0.05),高年级优于低年级,影响饮食行为得分的主要因素是学生家庭居住地和父母亲是否有不良饮食行为习惯。4.体质测试结果体质指数(Body Mass Index BMI)分布:BMI平均值20.9士2.9,消瘦(15.8%)、正常(71.4%)、超重(9.9%)、肥胖(2.9%)。平均肺活量2582.2士597.6 ml。体质测试不及格比例分别为:50米跑(26.7%)、800米跑(34.6%)、立定跳远(24.7%)、仰卧起坐(32.0%)。5.营养KAP与BMI、身体脂肪率和体质测试的关系:营养知识得分与BMI呈负相关,营养知识、饮食行为得分与体质测试成绩呈正相关。结论1.低年级学生整体营养知识和行为得分较低,主要表现在不吃早餐、常吃夜宵、奶类和大豆食品摄取偏少、常吃零食等。2.调查对象营养态度良好,渴求获得营养学知识具有主动性,且无年级差异。3.消瘦和肥胖是影响大学生身体体质的不良因素,营养KAP得分高者身体素质更佳。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the status of nutritional knowledge (Knowledge,K), attitude (Attitude,A) and behavior (Practice,P) of medical students in a university, and to analyze the physical fitness test data of the college students. To understand the current health status of college students and its relationship with nutritional KAP, to provide reference for strengthening college students' health education, popularizing nutrition knowledge and improving students' physical health. Methods using cluster sampling and self-made questionnaire, 1278 college nursing students were investigated with nutritional KAP. The vital capacity, 50 meters running, 800 meters running and standing long jump were carried out according to the college students' physique test standard revised in 2014 in our country. The sit-ups were tested. The collected data were analyzed by grade grouping, database was established by Excel software, statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS 17.0 software to understand the nutritional KAP score, physique status and the relationship between them. T test was used for comparison of measurement data, analysis of variance was used for numerical data of three groups and above, and 蠂 2 test was used for comparison of counting data. Result 1. Nutrition knowledge: the average score was 10.1 卤3.2 (total 20 points). There were significant differences among the students of different grades (P0.05). The correct rate of nutritional knowledge was 19.5-87.5%, and the higher grade was better than the lower grade. The main factors influencing the score of nutritional knowledge were the students' family residence and whether their parents had bad eating habits. 2. 2. Nutritional attitude: the average score was 31.0 卤5.1 (total 46). There was no significant difference among different grades (P0.05). The proportion of access to nutrition knowledge is higher: TV (81.1%), books (69.6%), network (69.2%). The main factors influencing the scores of nutrition attitude were the students' family residence and monthly average dietary consumption level. 3. 3. Dietary behavior and lifestyle: an average score of 12.3 + 4.4 (total 20 points). The main dietary behavior problems were frequent breakfast (61.4%), supper (67.2%), soy products (89.5%) and milk (87.3%). Not often eat eggs (83.3%), often eat snacks (79.4%). There was significant difference between the grades (P0.05), the higher grade was better than the lower grade, the main factors affecting the score of dietary behavior were the students' family residence and whether their parents had bad eating behavior. 4. Body mass index (Body Mass Index BMI) distribution: BMI mean 20.9 + 2.9, weight loss (15.8%), normal (71.4%), overweight (9.9%), obesity (2.9%). Mean vital capacity 2582.2 卤597.6 ml. The percentage of failing in physical test were: 50 meter run (26.7%), 800 meter race (34.6%), standing long jump (24.7%), sit-up (32.0%). The relationship between nutritional KAP and body fat rate and physique test of BMI,: the score of nutritional knowledge was negatively correlated with BMI, and the score of nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior was positively correlated with the score of physical fitness test. Conclusion 1. Lower grade students' overall nutritional knowledge and behavior score is low, mainly in not eating breakfast, often eat supper, milk and soybean food intake is low, often eat snacks, etc. 2. The subjects had a good nutritional attitude, eager to acquire nutrition knowledge with initiative, and there was no grade difference. 3. Weight loss and obesity are the bad factors affecting college students' physical fitness, and the higher the score of nutritional KAP is, the better the body quality is.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R153.9

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