A市职业病监管问题及对策研究

发布时间：2019-01-29 02:34

【摘要】：职业病监管工作事关广大劳动者身体健康和生命安全，事关经济建设可持续发展和社会大局稳定，国家历来高度重视职业病防治工作。2002年5月，《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》正式实施，，对预防、控制和消除职业病危害，保护劳动者健康及其相关权益，促进经济发展起到了积极作用。 A市近年招商引资，各种新设备新材料、新工艺技术的引进和使用，带动了辖区内经济的发展，同时也带来了更多的职业病危害因素。随着时间的推移，各种职业病危害因素陆续涌现，A市职业中毒和职业病事故隐患渐显突出，职业病发病处于高发期，地方职业病监管工作任重道远。本文通过运用文献研究、调查研究、案例分析等方法，对A市职业病监管机构设置、人员配备、经费投入、设备配置及监管内容进行分析，并结合辖区职业病诊断鉴定情况，对A市当前职业病监管工作的企业经营者履行主体责任不到位、未落实职业卫生相关制度、职业健康监护及职业危害因素监测覆盖率低及职业卫生监督执法力量及技术服务人员严重不足等存在问题及政府对职业病防治工作认识不足、劳动者保护意识淡薄、A市职业病危害因素广泛分布、职业卫生监管体系不完善以及职业卫生监管职能亟待理顺等问题原因进行了探究，总结归纳出提高政府重视及完善职业病防治体系、明确企业是职业病防治的第一责任人、部门联动落实“三同时”、完善职业卫生防治队伍建设、指导企业建章立制强化职责、全面落实人员健康监护及诊断鉴定工作、落实职业危害申报、积极宣传《职业病防治法》及尽快理顺职业卫生监管职能等A市职业病监管工作对策，以期为完善和制定适合A市经济发展和保障职业人群健康的职业卫生监督办法提供借鉴，同时也为其他城市进一步加强职业病防治工作提供决策参考。
[Abstract]:The supervision of occupational diseases is related to the health and safety of workers, the sustainable development of economic construction and the stability of society. The state has always attached great importance to the prevention and control of occupational diseases. The official implementation of the Law of the people's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases has played a positive role in preventing, controlling and eliminating occupational hazards, protecting the health of workers and their related rights and interests, and promoting economic development. In recent years, the introduction and use of new equipment, new materials and new technology in A City have promoted the development of economy in the area of jurisdiction, and at the same time brought more occupational hazards. With the passage of time, a variety of occupational disease hazards have emerged, occupational poisoning and occupational disease accidents in A City gradually prominent hidden dangers, occupational disease incidence is in a high incidence period, local occupational disease supervision work is a long way to go. By using the methods of literature research, investigation and case study, this paper analyzes the establishment, staffing, financial input, equipment configuration and supervision content of occupational disease supervision organization in A city, and combines the diagnosis and identification of occupational disease in the area of jurisdiction. The main responsibility of the enterprise operators in the current occupational disease supervision work in A City is not in place, and the occupational health related system has not been implemented. There are some problems in occupational health monitoring and occupational hazard monitoring, such as low coverage rate, serious shortage of law enforcement and technical service personnel in occupational health supervision, insufficient understanding of occupational disease prevention and control by the government, and weak awareness of workers' protection. The causes of occupational disease hazards are widely distributed, the occupational health supervision system is not perfect and the functions of occupational health supervision need to be straightened out. It is concluded that the government should pay more attention to and perfect the occupational disease prevention system. It is clear that the enterprise is the first person responsible for occupational disease prevention and control, and the departments should carry out the "three simultaneous actions", perfect the construction of occupational health prevention and control team, guide enterprises to establish regulations and strengthen their duties, and fully implement the work of personnel health monitoring and diagnosis and appraisal. Implementing the occupational hazard declaration, actively publicizing the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law and straightening out the occupational health supervision function as soon as possible, etc. In order to perfect and formulate the occupational health supervision methods suitable for the economic development of city A and to ensure the health of the occupational population, it can also provide a reference for other cities to further strengthen the prevention and control of occupational diseases.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R132;D922.16

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