中国老年人健康差异时空变化及其影响因素分析

发布时间：2019-03-12 20:08

【摘要】：目的了解中国老年人健康差异时空变化及其影响因素,为改善老年人的健康状况提供参考依据和理论支持。方法收集北京大学和中国老龄科研中心2002—2008年在华北、东北、东部沿海及中西部22个调研省份(不包括海南省)的"中国老年长寿跟踪调查"中参加2002、2005和2008年横截面调查的45 244名老年人的健康相关数据,应用Arc GIS 10.0分析老年人健康随时间变化的地区差异,并通过多层线性模型分析老年人健康变化的影响因素。结果 2002—2008年中国不发达地区老年人健康自评较差,中东部省份老年人自评健康状况好于西部省份的老年人,地区内部差异较大;与时间变量系数相关的固定效应显示,年龄65~80岁老年人健康自评下降速度较80岁老年人高0.09,男性老年人健康自评提高速度较女性老年人高0.03,汉族老年人健康自评下降速度较少数民族老年人高0.04,60岁以前职业为非农业的老年人健康自评增长速度提高0.03,生活来源是否够用和是否参加锻炼对健康自评的变化趋势均有负向预测作用,生活能自理和不患慢性病对健康自评均有正向预测作用,近2年患过重病的老年人健康自评增长速度提高0.07。结论老年人的健康自评状况在地区内部差异较大,且随时间发生较大变化;老年人健康自评的主要影响因素为年龄、性别、民族、60岁以前职业、生活来源、参加锻炼、生活自理能力、患慢性病情况等。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the temporal and spatial changes of health difference among the elderly in China and its influencing factors, and to provide reference basis and theoretical support for improving the health status of the elderly. Methods Beijing University and China Center for Aging Research were collected from 2002 to 2008 in North China, Northeast China, Health-related data for 45244 elderly people surveyed in the 2002, 2005 and 2008 cross-sectional surveys in 22 research provinces along the eastern coast and central and western regions (excluding Hainan Province). Arc GIS 10.0 was used to analyze the regional differences of the health changes of the elderly with time, and the influencing factors of the health changes of the elderly were analyzed by using a multi-layer linear model. Results from 2002 to 2008, the health self-assessment of the elderly in the underdeveloped areas of China was poor, and the health status of the elderly in the central and eastern provinces was better than that in the western provinces, and there was a great difference within the region. The fixed effects related to the time variable coefficient showed that the decline rate of health self-assessment in the 65-80-year-old was 0.09 higher than that in the 80-year-old, and the improvement of the male-aged health self-assessment was 0.03 higher than that of the female. The decline rate of the health self-assessment of the elderly in the Han nationality is 0.04 higher than that of the elderly of the minority nationalities. Whether or not the source of life is adequate and whether to take part in exercise has a negative predictive effect on the change trend of the self-assessment of health, and the self-care of life and the absence of chronic diseases have a positive predictive effect on the self-assessment of health. In the past two years, the growth rate of the health self-assessment of the elderly who had suffered from severe illness increased by 0.07. Conclusion the health self-assessment status of the elderly is different from each other in the region, and it changes greatly with the time. The main influencing factors of health self-assessment for the elderly were age, sex, nationality, occupation before the age of 60, source of life, participation in exercise, self-care ability of life, chronic diseases and so on.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心健康科学研究所;硬石伟业国际市场研究咨询公司;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(71373272) 教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金(12YJAZH012) 中国人民大学“985”工程项目
【分类号】：R161.7

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