生物和家庭因素对汉语儿童词汇和智能发展的影响

发布时间：2019-03-31 14:27

【摘要】：目的通过纵向追踪考察生物因素(年龄、性别)和家庭因素(家庭社会经济地位、家庭育儿方式)对儿童早期词汇和智能发展的影响。方法使用《汉语沟通发展量表》(普通话版,简称PCDI)、《年龄发育进程问卷》(ASQ)和自行设计的《父母调查问卷》,对38名18~24月龄汉语儿童进行测查,6个月后对被试者再次进行PCDI和ASQ追踪测查。结果 (1)初测时生物因素可以解释词汇量65%的变异(其中性别占10%);6个月后检测时其解释量下降为26%,且性别的影响消失。(2)词汇发展可正向预测智能发展,控制年龄和性别后,词汇发展可解释智能发展22%的变异。(3)家庭社会经济地位对词汇和智能发展的影响均不显著。(4)家庭教养方式中"家长引导儿童认识环境中的人和物"可预测6个月后儿童的智能发展(可解释10%的变异)。结论生物因素对儿童早期词汇发展有重要作用,但其影响力随月龄增长而减少。生物因素、词汇发展、家庭育儿方式等因素共同影响儿童的智能发展。
[Abstract]:Aim to investigate the effects of biological factors (age, sex) and family factors (family socio-economic status, family rearing style) on the early vocabulary and intellectual development of children through longitudinal follow-up. Methods 38 Chinese children aged from 18 to 24 months were tested with the Chinese Communication Development scale (PCDI),) (Putonghua version) and the self-designed Parental questionnaire (ASQ). Six months later, the subjects were followed up again by PCDI and ASQ. Results (1) at the initial test, biological factors could explain 65% of the variation in vocabulary (10% of which were sex); 6 months later, the amount of explanation decreased to 26%, and the effect of gender disappeared. (2) Vocabulary development can predict the development of intelligence and control age and sex. Vocabulary development can explain 22% variation of intelligence development. (3) the influence of family socio-economic status on vocabulary and intelligence development is not significant. (4) "parents guide children to understand people and things in the environment" in family rearing style. "Children's intellectual development in 6 months can be predicted (explaining 10% of the variation). Conclusion Biological factors play an important role in the early vocabulary development of children, but their influence decreases with the increase of month age. Biological factors, vocabulary development, family parenting style and other factors affect the intellectual development of children.
【作者单位】：中国人民解放军第306医院儿科;中国科学院心理研究所行为科学实验室;山西大学教育科学学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(31070917) 中科院重点部署项目(KJZD-EW-L04)
【分类号】：R179

【共引文献】