绝经女性体力活动水平及其与骨量关系的研究

发布时间：2019-04-02 13:00

【摘要】：目的：通过观察运动组和对照组1年前后BMD和体成分的变化，调查绝经后女性日常体力活动特征，探讨体力活动水平与体成分、BMD变化的关系，确定影响骨量变化的能耗的参考标准，为骨质疏松的预防提供实验依据。方法：从北京市4个社区筛选绝经后女性（平均绝经年限6.78±4.11年）60人，随机分为运动组30人，对照组30人。采用美国GE公司双能X线骨密度测试仪，分别在实验1年前后对受试者进行BMD及体成分测试；采用日本OMRON公司hja-350it加速度计，对受试者进行1周体力活动能耗测试，计算日均能耗（体力活动能耗和1—8MET强度活动时间）；采用膳食调查法，，记录1周受试者饮食情况，并采用国家兴奋剂及运动营养测试研究中心的《运动员及大众膳食营养分析与管理系统计算机软件》计算能量摄入。结果： 1年运动后，EG体重（BW）、脂肪量(BF)和体脂百分比(PBF)显著下降（P0.01）,肌肉百分比(PBM)显著升高（P0.01），FNLBMD显著升高（P0.05）；CG表现为BW显著升高（P0.01），PBM显著降低（P0.01），FNL、FNR和WBBMD均显著降低（P0.05-0.01），L2-4BMD呈下降趋势（P0.05）。1年运动后，EG日均步行能耗（WEE）、体力活动能耗（PAEE）、总能耗（TEE）及总能量摄入（EI）均显著高于CG （P0.05-0.01）；EG表现为能代平衡，CG能代失衡（EI低于TEE，P0.05）。EG日均步数、中等强度（3-6METs）及高强度（6METs）活动时间显著高于CG（P0.01）。 △BW及△PBM与△FNRBMD分别呈负相关及呈正相关（P0.05-0.01）；△BM与△WBBMD呈正相关（P0.01）。WEE、PAEE与△BW、△PBF、△BF均呈负相关（P0.05-0.01），与△PBM均呈正相关（P0.01），与△FNLBMD呈正相关（P0.05），TEE与△PBF呈负相关（P0.05），与△PBM呈正相关（P0.05）。中等强度活动时间与△PBM呈正相关（P0.05），与△PBF、△BF呈负相关（P0.01）。结论： 1．EG1年运动，总体表现为能代平衡，脂肪显著降低，肌肉升高，FNLBMD显著升高；CG则表现为能代失衡，肌肉降低，FNLBMD、FNRBMD及WBBMD均显著降低。 2.每日能量消耗与体成分变化密切相关，通过运动增加肌肉相对比例，增加肌肉收缩力量，有效地维持和改善机体骨量(骨密度)。 3.3-6METs的中等强度,每周3-4次、每次至少50min的有氧耐力、负重抗阻性、适宜强度的冲击性等复合性锻炼，是绝经后女性骨量维持和改善所需要的适宜运动。日均有效体力活动能耗低于650Kcal，可作为警示绝经女性人群“运动不足”的参考标准。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the characteristics of daily physical activity in postmenopausal women by observing the changes of BMD and body composition before and after one year in exercise group and control group, and to explore the relationship between physical activity level and changes of body composition and BMD in postmenopausal women. The reference standards of energy consumption affecting bone mass change were determined to provide experimental basis for osteoporosis prevention. Methods: 60 postmenopausal women (average menopause years 6.78 卤4.11 years) were selected from four communities in Beijing. They were randomly divided into exercise group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30). BMD and body composition were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (GE) one year before and after the experiment. The average daily energy consumption (energy consumption of physical activity and 1-8MET intensity activity time) was calculated by one week physical activity energy consumption test using hja-350it accelerometer from OMRON Company of Japan. Dietary survey was used to record the diet of the subjects for one week, and the energy intake was calculated by the computer software of the National Center for Doping and Sports Nutrition Test and Research (National Center for Doping and Sports Nutrition testing and Research), an analysis and management system of athletes' and popular dietary nutrition. Results: after 1 year exercise, the fat mass (BF) and body fat percentage (PBF) of EG weight (BW), decreased significantly (P0.01), while the muscle percentage (PBM) increased significantly (P0.01), FNLBMD significantly increased (P0.05); CG showed a significant increase in BW (P0.01), a significant decrease in FNL,FNR and WBBMD (P0.01) and a decrease in L2-4BMD (P0.05). After 1 year of exercise, EG average daily walking energy consumption (WEE),) was significantly decreased (P0.05). The total energy consumption (TEE) and total energy intake (EI) of physical activity energy consumption (PAEE),) were significantly higher than that of CG (P 0.05). EG showed energy generation equilibrium, and CG energy generation imbalance (EI) was lower than that of TEE,P0.05. The mean daily step number of EGE, moderate intensity (3-6METs) and high intensity (6METs) activity time were significantly higher than those of CG (P0.01). There was a negative correlation and a positive correlation between BW and PBM and FNRBMD (P 0.05). There was a positive correlation between BM and WBBMD (P0.01), and a negative correlation between Wee, PAEE and BW, PBF, BF (P0.05), a positive correlation between Wee and PBM (P0.01), a positive correlation between Wee and FNLBMD (P0.05), and a positive correlation between Wee and BW, PBF, BF (P0.01). TEE was negatively correlated with PBF (P0.05) and positively correlated with PBM (P0.05). Moderate intensity activity time was positively correlated with PBM (P0.05) and negatively correlated with PBF, BF (P0.01). Conclusion: the annual exercise of 1.EG1 showed energy balance, fat decrease, muscle increase and FNLBMD increase, while CG showed energy generation imbalance, muscle decrease, and FNLBMD,FNRBMD and WBBMD decreased significantly. 2. Daily energy consumption is closely related to the changes of body composition. Exercise can increase the relative ratio of muscles, increase muscle contractile strength, and effectively maintain and improve the body's bone mass (bone mineral density). The moderate intensity of 3.3-6METs, 3 times a week, at least three times a week, at least 50min aerobic endurance, load resistance, suitable intensity of impact and other complex exercises, is the postmenopausal women need to maintain and improve bone mass of the appropriate exercise. The average daily effective energy consumption of physical activity is less than 650 Kcal, which can be used as a reference standard to warn postmenopausal women of "insufficient exercise".
【学位授予单位】：首都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G804.2;R173

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