重庆市儿童及其家长对儿童防晒的认知与行为研究
发布时间：2019-05-13 07:08
【摘要】：目的了解重庆市中小学生及其家长对学生防晒的认知、态度、行为现况及影响因素等，为中小学生防晒提供理论依据。 方法本研究应用定性研究与定量研究相结合的方法。定性研究：采取非概率抽样方法中的目的抽样，遵循“信息饱和”原则，对15名中小学生进行了个人深入访谈；对9名老师或校医，4名学生家长，3名销售人员和2名医务人员进行了关键人物访谈，并在初中生和高中生开展了4组22人的专题小组讨论，应用主题框架分析法进行归纳分析。 定量研究：采用分层整群随机抽样，随机抽取重庆市城、乡小学、初中、高中各1所共6所学校，以班级为单位从小学4年级到高中3年级进行抽样，共调查2201名学生。遵循一对一的原则，所有被调查学生的家长都需填写问卷，同时，小学1到3年级的学生虽未调查，但其家长仍需填写问卷，共调查2368名家长。采用自行编制的“重庆市青少年学生防晒认知与行为调查问卷（包括学生卷和家长卷）”和Fitzpatrick-Pathak皮肤分型测试量表进行问卷调查。采用SPSS17.0软件进行统计分析。 结果定性研究结果：中小学生尤其是小学生对紫外线以及过度日晒的危害了解太少。访谈发现关于防晒措施的选择，女生使用遮阳伞、涂抹防晒霜和戴帽子的较多；而男生少数使用戴帽子和太阳镜，男生在天气非常热时外出活动且不采取任何防晒措施的较多。访谈发现中小学生的防晒知识主要来源于电视广告和周围同学。家长对孩子的防晒关注主要是母亲，父亲一般不关注。销售人员和医务人员对中小学生的防晒持积极的态度。学校对学生防晒的看法重点在于防止夏季高温中暑。定量研究结果：中小学生的防晒知识、态度和行为平均得分分别是：8.21±2.14，6.76±2.91，2.94±1.76。女生的防晒知识、态度和行为题得分（8.212.07，7.142.83，3.341.70）均比男生（7.982.22，6.192.95，2.351.68）高，差异均有统计学意义（P0.05）。城市学生防晒知识得分（8.272.12）比乡镇学生（7.952.14）高，差异均有统计学意义（P0.05）。女生晒伤率（61.6%）比男生（56.4%）高（P0.05）；城市学生的晒伤率（55.4%）比乡镇学生（51.3%）高（P0.05）；高中生的晒伤率（68.0%）高于初中生（56.0%）和小学生（55.5%），差异有统计学意义（P0.05）。母亲的防晒知识、态度、行为得分（8.112.04，8.462.97，3.651.95）均高于父亲（7.812.13，7.112.80，3.132.02），差异有统计学意义（P0.05）。城市家长的防晒知识和态度得分（8.172.12，8.353.11）均高于乡镇学校家长（7.812.02，7.522.76），差异有统计学意义（P0.05）。 母亲对子女的防晒态度的得分（7.183.05）高于父亲（6.642.84），差异有统计学意义（P0.05）。高中生家长对子女防晒的态度得分（7.413.45）高于小学家长（7.032.65）和初中家长（6.603.00），差异有统计学意义（P0.05）。不同性别、城乡、不同学龄阶段学生家长的晒伤率差异不具有统计学意义（P0.05）。家长和学生的皮肤光型测试结果均以Ⅲ型为主，其次是Ⅳ型。 通过Logistic回归分析发现影响学生防晒的因素有态度、性别、晒伤史和形象追求，影响家长防晒的因素有性别、态度和晒伤史。通过相关分析发现学生的知识、态度、行为得分两两相关（P0.05），家长的知识、态度、行为得分分别与学生的知识、态度、行为的得分呈正相关（P0.05）。 结论重庆地区中小学生尤其乡镇中小学生对防晒相关知识的认知程度不高，防晒意识不强，应当重视。家长、老师以及专业医生应全面结合起来，指导中小学生避免过度日晒，促进中小学生身体健康。
[Abstract]:Objective To study the cognition, attitude, behavior and influence factors of primary and secondary school students and their parents on the students' sun protection, and provide the theoretical basis for the sun protection of primary and middle school students. Methods The combination of qualitative research and quantitative study was used in this study. Method. Qualitative research: the objective sampling in the non-probabilistic sampling method is adopted, the "information saturation" principle is followed, and the personal in-depth interview of the 15 primary and secondary school students is carried out;9 teachers or school doctors,4 student parents,3 sales personnel and 2 medical personnel are interviewed In this paper, four groups of 22 people's panel discussions were carried out in junior middle school students and high school students, and the thematic framework analysis was applied to sum up the scores. A quantitative study was carried out: a stratified cluster random sampling was adopted to randomly select 6 schools in the city of Chongqing, the primary school of the township, the junior high school and the high school, and the students from the fourth grade of the primary school to the third grade of the high school were sampled in the class, and the survey was conducted. A one-to-one principle is followed, and the parents of all the students to be investigated need to fill in the questionnaire, while the students in the primary and third grades are not investigated, but their parents still need to fill in the questionnaire to investigate 2368 Name of the parent. Use the self-prepared "Questionnaire on the Perceptual and Behavior of the Young Students in Chongqing (including the student's volume and the parents' volume)" and the Fitzpatrick-Pahak skin type test gauge to ask Volume investigation. The system is in series with the SPSS17.0 software The results of the qualitative research: the primary and secondary school students, especially the primary and secondary school students, are in danger of ultraviolet light and over-exposure to the sun It's too little to learn. The interview found a selection of sun-screening measures, with women using a sunshade, applying sunscreen and wearing a hat, while a few boys used hats and sunglasses, and the boys went out and did not take any sunscreens when the weather was very hot. The result of the interview shows that the sun-screening knowledge of the primary and middle school students is mainly from the TV advertisement and the surrounding students. The parents' attention to the child is mainly the mother, father It's not a general concern. Sales and medical personnel take the sun-screening of primary and secondary school students A positive attitude. The school's view of the student's sun protection is on the prevention of the summer The results of the quantitative study: the average scores of the sun-screening knowledge, attitude and behavior of the primary and secondary school students were 8.21, 2.14, 6.76, 2.91, 2.94, respectively. The scores of sun-screening knowledge, attitude and behavior of girls (8.212.07, 7.142.83, 3.341.70) were higher than that of boys (7.982.22, 6.95, 2.351.68), and the difference was significant (P (0.05) The scores of sun-screening knowledge of urban students (8.2712) were higher than those in the town (7.952.14), and the difference was significant (P (0.05). The rate of sunburn (61.6%) was higher than that of boys (56.4%) (P <0.05). The rate of sunburn (55.4%) in urban students was higher than that of township students (51.3%) (P <0.05). The rate of sunburn of high school students (68.0%) was higher than that of middle school students (56.0%) and primary school students (55.5%). 0.05). The mother's sun-screening knowledge, attitude, behavior score (8.112.04, 8.462.97, 3.651.95) were higher than that of the father (7.812.13, 7.112.80, 3.132.02), and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05) The sun-screening knowledge and attitude score of the urban parents (8.172.12, 8.353.11) are higher than those of the parents of the township school (7.812.02, 7.522.76), and the difference is of statistical significance (P 0.05). The score (7.183.05) of the mother's sun-screening attitude to the child was higher than that of the father (6.642.84), and the difference was of statistical significance. (P0.05). The attitude of parents of high school students to the sun protection of children (7.413.45) was higher than that of the parents of primary school (7.032.65) and junior middle school (6.603.00), and the difference was of statistical significance. (P0.05). The difference between different sex, urban and rural areas and students' parents in different school age groups is not statistically significant. (P0.05). The results of skin-light test of parents and students are of type III. The main and the second are the type 鈪，
本文编号：2475690
[Abstract]:Objective To study the cognition, attitude, behavior and influence factors of primary and secondary school students and their parents on the students' sun protection, and provide the theoretical basis for the sun protection of primary and middle school students. Methods The combination of qualitative research and quantitative study was used in this study. Method. Qualitative research: the objective sampling in the non-probabilistic sampling method is adopted, the "information saturation" principle is followed, and the personal in-depth interview of the 15 primary and secondary school students is carried out;9 teachers or school doctors,4 student parents,3 sales personnel and 2 medical personnel are interviewed In this paper, four groups of 22 people's panel discussions were carried out in junior middle school students and high school students, and the thematic framework analysis was applied to sum up the scores. A quantitative study was carried out: a stratified cluster random sampling was adopted to randomly select 6 schools in the city of Chongqing, the primary school of the township, the junior high school and the high school, and the students from the fourth grade of the primary school to the third grade of the high school were sampled in the class, and the survey was conducted. A one-to-one principle is followed, and the parents of all the students to be investigated need to fill in the questionnaire, while the students in the primary and third grades are not investigated, but their parents still need to fill in the questionnaire to investigate 2368 Name of the parent. Use the self-prepared "Questionnaire on the Perceptual and Behavior of the Young Students in Chongqing (including the student's volume and the parents' volume)" and the Fitzpatrick-Pahak skin type test gauge to ask Volume investigation. The system is in series with the SPSS17.0 software The results of the qualitative research: the primary and secondary school students, especially the primary and secondary school students, are in danger of ultraviolet light and over-exposure to the sun It's too little to learn. The interview found a selection of sun-screening measures, with women using a sunshade, applying sunscreen and wearing a hat, while a few boys used hats and sunglasses, and the boys went out and did not take any sunscreens when the weather was very hot. The result of the interview shows that the sun-screening knowledge of the primary and middle school students is mainly from the TV advertisement and the surrounding students. The parents' attention to the child is mainly the mother, father It's not a general concern. Sales and medical personnel take the sun-screening of primary and secondary school students A positive attitude. The school's view of the student's sun protection is on the prevention of the summer The results of the quantitative study: the average scores of the sun-screening knowledge, attitude and behavior of the primary and secondary school students were 8.21, 2.14, 6.76, 2.91, 2.94, respectively. The scores of sun-screening knowledge, attitude and behavior of girls (8.212.07, 7.142.83, 3.341.70) were higher than that of boys (7.982.22, 6.95, 2.351.68), and the difference was significant (P (0.05) The scores of sun-screening knowledge of urban students (8.2712) were higher than those in the town (7.952.14), and the difference was significant (P (0.05). The rate of sunburn (61.6%) was higher than that of boys (56.4%) (P <0.05). The rate of sunburn (55.4%) in urban students was higher than that of township students (51.3%) (P <0.05). The rate of sunburn of high school students (68.0%) was higher than that of middle school students (56.0%) and primary school students (55.5%). 0.05). The mother's sun-screening knowledge, attitude, behavior score (8.112.04, 8.462.97, 3.651.95) were higher than that of the father (7.812.13, 7.112.80, 3.132.02), and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05) The sun-screening knowledge and attitude score of the urban parents (8.172.12, 8.353.11) are higher than those of the parents of the township school (7.812.02, 7.522.76), and the difference is of statistical significance (P 0.05). The score (7.183.05) of the mother's sun-screening attitude to the child was higher than that of the father (6.642.84), and the difference was of statistical significance. (P0.05). The attitude of parents of high school students to the sun protection of children (7.413.45) was higher than that of the parents of primary school (7.032.65) and junior middle school (6.603.00), and the difference was of statistical significance. (P0.05). The difference between different sex, urban and rural areas and students' parents in different school age groups is not statistically significant. (P0.05). The results of skin-light test of parents and students are of type III. The main and the second are the type 鈪，
本文编号：2475690
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