济南市部分健康体检女性膳食模式与测量指标相关性分析
发布时间：2019-07-02 21:21
【摘要】：目的 了解济南市女性的膳食状况与膳食模式,探讨不同膳食模式与身体测量指标的相关性,为研究膳食模式与健康和疾病的关系提供依据,同时也为女性的健康管理提供参考。 方法 采用随机抽样的方法抽取2010年12月至2012年4月在济南市某医院健康体检中心进行常规体检的女性595名,年龄18-70岁,在完成测量指标(身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压)和血液指标检查的同时应用食物频率法进行膳食调查,收集近1年来各类食物的摄入频率及摄入量。体检指标与年龄的相关性采用双变量相关分析；采用因子分析法分析膳食信息,得出主要膳食模式,并计算因子得分；用Spearman等级相关分析方法探索膳食状况与年龄及测量指标的相关性,采用t-检验、多元线性回归分析方法研究不同膳食模式与体重指数(Body Mass Index, BMI)、腰围、腰臀比(Waist to Hip Ratio,WHR)及血压的相关关系。采用结构方程模型探讨膳食与体检指标之间的依存关系。 结果 1基本情况 BMI均数为22.89±3.17(范围是15.4-35.4),超重者(24.0BMI28.0)占24.87%；肥胖者(BMI≥28.0)占8.07%。腰围均数为78.16±9.11cm(最小值56.0cm,最大值111.0cm),腰围≥80cm者占36.64%。腰臀比均数为0.83+0.07(最小值0.66,最大值1.21),腰臀比≥0.85者占30.42%。血压高于140/90mmHg者占15.97%。经BMI、腰围、腰臀比和血压与年龄两变量线性回归分析得到,BMI (β=0.128, P=0.000).腰围(β=0.382,P=0.000)、腰臀比(β=0.003,P=-0.000)、收缩压(β=0.800,P=0.000)、舒张压(户0.456,P=0.000)与年龄呈正相关,提示随着年龄的增长,超重和肥胖及高血压的危险性加大。 2各类食物摄入情况 与中国居民平衡膳食宝塔推荐的各类食物每日摄入量比,济南市女性膳食中谷类、蔬菜、水果、蛋类和油脂的摄入量基本能满足每日推荐量,即低于推荐量的人数低于30%；畜禽肉类、豆类及制品低于推荐量的人数达40%；鱼虾类、奶类及制品摄入量严重不足,低于推荐量的人数达75%以上,特别是奶类达94.29%；而盐摄入10gd的人数占57.31%。蔬菜、鱼虾类、粗杂粮类及坚果类的摄入量与年龄呈显著正相关,肉类、奶类及制品、甜点、饮料及盐的摄入量与年龄呈显著负相关,谷类豆类、水果、蛋类、酒类和油的摄入量与年龄无相关关系。提示随着年龄的增大,肉类、奶类、甜食等的摄入量减少,而蔬菜、鱼虾类、粗杂粮、坚果摄入量增加。 调整年龄后,蔬菜、油、盐摄入量与BMI呈正相关；盐的摄入量与腰围、腰臀比和收缩压呈正相关；水果、盐的摄入量与舒张压呈正相关。 3膳食模式 因子分析的适用性检验结果为：KMO=0.6310.6,Bartlett球形检验X2=587.822,P=0.000,因此各食物种类彼此并不独立,存在较强的相关性,说明本数据适用因子分析。根据碎石图和特征根大小,本研究保留因子数目为6个。最大方差正交旋转后,6个因子共解释食物摄入总方差的55.45%。最终得到6种膳食模式,即传统模式：以粗粮、豆类、坚果和鱼虾贝类摄入较多为特点；油脂模式：以食用油、肉类、盐和精制谷类摄入较多；现代模式：以水果、奶制品摄入较高；素食模式：以新鲜蔬菜摄入较高,蛋类和饮料摄入较少；零食模式：摄入较多膨化食品及糕点类、饮料；酒类模式：摄入较多酒类。 不同年龄组膳食模式的结果显示,40岁以下年龄组因子分析也得到6种膳食模式,即豆类+鱼虾贝类+坚果+杂粮模式,食用油+肉类+谷类+盐模式,奶制品+水果模式,酒类+饮料+少杂粮模式,膨化食品及糕点类+饮料模式和蔬菜+少蛋类模式。40岁以上(含40岁)年龄组因子分析最终得到5种膳食模式,分别为杂粮+豆类+坚果+素食模式,水果+鱼虾贝类+少谷类模式,肉类+食用油+盐模式,膨化食品及糕点类+奶类+饮料模式,蛋类+少蔬菜+少酒类模式。说明不同年龄的膳食模式存在差异。 将研究对象按总体的各膳食模式得分升序排列后,将各膳食模式的因子得分由低到高分为四等份：Q1.Q2.Q3.Q4.传统模式因子得分较高的Q4组年龄较Q1组大(P0.01),BMI、腰围、腰臀比也较大(P0.05)。显示以该模式为主的人群年龄偏大,且体重偏重、偏胖者较多。油脂模式的Q4组BMI显著高于Q1组(P0.01)。现代模式Q4组的腰臀比较Q1组小(P0.05)。素食模式Q4组年龄、BMI及舒张压和收缩压均大于Q1组(P0.01)。零食模式得分最高的Q4组较Q1组的年龄小(P0.05),BMI、腰围和腰臀比也均较低(P0.05)。酒类模式Q4组年龄显著小于Q1组(P0.01)。调整年龄后,油脂模式与BMI、腰围、收缩压和舒张压呈正相关,素食模式与舒张压呈正相关。 4膳食与体检指标的结构方程模型分析 本模型的最终拟合优度指标：GFI为0.9706.AGFI为0.9687.RMR为2.5575、PGFI为0.9647,由此可知,模型拟合较好。 传统模式与血红蛋白因子、肝功能因子的路径系数分别为0.056、0.1338；油脂模式与血压因子、代谢因子的的路径系数分别为0.9974、1.1287；酒类模式与血压因子、血红蛋白因子和肝功能因子的路径系数分别为0.0385、2.3972、0.9928,表明它们之间有正相关关系。现代模式与血压因子的路径系数为-0.07；素食与血红蛋白因子的路径系数为-0.3303；零食模式与血红蛋白因自的路径系数为-0.9432,表明它们之间有负相关关系。 结论 1.济南市健康体检女性BMI水、li超重和肥胖率超过或接近全国营养调查水平,腰围平均值低于山东省流行病学调查水平,高血压的患病率低于全国、平均水平。 2.济南市健康体检女性中鱼虾贝类和奶制品的摄入严重不足,盐的摄入量远超膳食宝塔推荐量；不同人群摄入的食物种类及数量存在明显差别。提示,油、盐摄入增加可加大肥胖、高血压的风险。 3.济南市健康体检女性膳食模式呈多样性,且不同年龄段的人群膳食模式存在差别；油脂模式与BMI、腰围、WHR和血压有关,减少油脂、肉类、盐和精制谷类摄入,养成健康的饮食习惯对预防肥胖和高血压的发生具有重要意义。 4.血压因子和肝功能因子受膳食因素影响较大。血压因子与油脂模式、酒类模式、现代模式有关,肝功能因子主要受传统模式和酒类模式影响较大。
[Abstract]:Purpose To study the dietary status and dietary pattern of women in Jinan, to study the correlation between dietary pattern and body measurement index, to provide the basis for studying the relationship between dietary pattern and health and disease, and also to provide reference for women's health management. An examination. Methods A random sampling method was used to extract 595 women with routine physical examination from December 2010 to April 2012 in the health examination center of a hospital in Jinan. The age was 18-70 years, and the measurement index (height, body weight, The food frequency method was used to carry out the dietary survey, and the intake frequency of all kinds of food in the last 1 year was collected by using the food frequency method. And the correlation between the dietary condition and the age and the measurement index is explored by the Spearman grade correlation analysis method, and the correlation between the dietary condition and the age and the measurement index is explored by using the Spearman grade correlation analysis method. The body mass index (BMI), waist and hip ratio (WHR) and blood pressure of different dietary patterns and body mass index (BMI), waist and hip ratio (WHR) were studied by t-test and multivariate linear regression analysis. The relationship between diet and physical examination is discussed by structural equation model. in accordance with Save the relationship. Results The basic condition of BMI was 22.89-3.17 (range 15.4-35.4), overweight (24.0 BMI28.0) was 24.87%, and obesity (BMI) 28.0) 8.07%. The average waist circumference is 78.16 to 9.11 cm (the minimum value is 56.0 cm, the maximum value is 111.0 cm), and the waist circumference is 8. The waist-to-hip ratio is 0.83 + 0.07 (the minimum value is 0.66, the maximum value is 1.21), and the waist-to-hip ratio is 0.0 .85 (30.42%). The blood pressure is higher than 140/ 90m The mHg was 15.97%. The BMI, waist, waist-to-hip ratio and blood pressure and age were analyzed by linear regression, and the BMI (P = 0.1) 28, P = 0.000). The waist circumference (P = 0.382, P = 0.000), the waist-to-hip ratio (P = 0.003, P =-0.000), the systolic pressure (P = 0.800, P = 0.000) and the diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.456, P = 0.000) were positively related to the age, indicating that with the increase of age, overweight and fat Risk of fat and hypertension Increase. The intake of all kinds of food and the daily intake of all kinds of food recommended by China's balanced diet, and the intake of cereals, vegetables, fruits, eggs and grease in the women's diet of Jinan can meet the recommended daily amount. That is, the number of people who are lower than the recommended amount is lower than 30%; the number of the meat, beans and products of the livestock and poultry is lower than that of the recommended amount by 40%; the fish and shrimp, the milk and the product are seriously insufficient, and the number of the fish and shrimp, the milk and the product is less than 75%, in particular to 94.29% of the milk; and the salt is taken as a salt. The intake of vegetables, milk and products, desserts, beverages and salt was negatively correlated with age, cereals, fruits, eggs, and wine, and the intake and age of meat, milk and products, desserts, beverages and salt were negatively correlated with age. The intake of class and oil is not related to age. It is suggested that as the age increases, the intake of meat, milk, sweet and the like is reduced, and the vegetables, The intake of fish and shrimp, coarse cereals, and nuts increased. After adjusting age, the intake of vegetables, oil and salt was positively correlated with BMI. The intake of salt was positively related to the waist, waist and hip ratio and systolic pressure. ; fruit, salt The results were: KMO = 0.6310.6, Bartlett's spherical test X2 = 587.822, P = 0.000, so the food types were not independent of each other There is a strong correlation, which indicates the applicable factor analysis of this data. The number of retention factors in this study is 6. The maximum variance is orthogonal to the rotation. A total of 6 factors were used to explain the total variance of food intake by 55.45%. Modern mode: high intake of fruit and dairy products; vegetarian diet: high intake of fresh vegetables, less egg and beverage intake, and snack mode: intake of more puffed Food and pastries, beverages; alcoholic mode: intake of more alcohol. The results of the group's diet patterns show that the factor analysis of the age group under the age of 40 also results in six dietary patterns, namely, beans + fish and shrimp, nuts + coarse cereal, edible oil, and meat + cereals + salt. Mode, dairy + fruit pattern, wine + beverage + minor grain pattern, puffed food and cake + beverage mode and vegetable + less egg pattern. The factor analysis of the age group above 40 years (including 40 years) results in five kinds of dietary patterns, which are coarse cereals + beans, respectively. Type + nut + vegetarian, fruit + fish and shrimp, less cereal, meat + edible oil + salt, puffed food, and cake Point class + milk + beverage mode, egg class + shao There is a difference in the dietary patterns of different ages. After the study subjects are arranged in ascending order according to the overall dietary pattern, each dietary pattern will be The score of factor score is divided into four parts by low to high: Q1.Q2. Q3.Q4. The group of Q4 with higher score of traditional mode factor is larger than that in Q1 group (P0 (01) BMI, waist and waist-to-hip ratio (P0.05). The majority of the population in this mode is older, and the weight is higher and the weight is higher. The BMI of Q4 group was significantly higher than that in Q1 group (P0.01). ). In the fourth group, the waist-and-hip of the Q4 group was smaller than that in the Q1 group (P0.05). BMI and diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure were higher than that in Q1 group (P0.01). 05) BMI, waist and waist-to-hip ratio were lower (P0.05). The age of Q4 group was significantly lower than that in Q1 group (P0.01). After adjusting age, the fat pattern and BMI, waist circumference , systolic and diastolic blood pressure positive correlation, vegetarian model The final fit-of-fit index of the model is analyzed by the structural equation model of the diet and the physical examination index: the GFI is 0.9706. AGFI is 0.9687. The RMR is 2. .5575, PGFI was 0.9647. It was found that the model fitting was good. The path coefficients of the traditional and the hemoglobin factors and the liver function factors were 0.056 and 0.1338, respectively. The path coefficients of the lipid and blood pressure factors and the metabolic factors were 0.9974 and 1.1287, respectively. The alcoholic mode and the blood pressure factor, the hemoglobin factor and the liver function The path coefficients of the energy factors are 0, respectively. 03385, 2.3972, 0.9928, indicating a positive correlation between them. The path coefficient of the modern model to the blood pressure factor is-0.07; the path coefficient of the vegetarian and hemoglobin factors is-0.33303; the snack mode and the blood red egg Conclusion 1. The BMI water, li overweight and obesity rate in Jinan are higher than or close to the national nutrition survey level. The average waist circumference is lower than that of Shandong Province, and the prevalence of hypertension is lower than that of the whole country. The intake of the foot and the salt is much higher than the recommended amount of the dietary pagoda; the intake of different people There is a clear difference in the type and quantity of the food. It is suggested that the increase of the intake of oil and salt can increase the risk of obesity and hypertension. don't; grease pattern is associated with BMI, waist, WHR, and blood pressure to reduce grease, The intake of meat, salt and refined grains, and the formation of healthy eating habits. It is of great significance to prevent the occurrence of obesity and hypertension.4. The blood pressure factor and the liver function factor are affected by the dietary factors. Blood pressure
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R153.1
本文编号：2509246
[Abstract]:Purpose To study the dietary status and dietary pattern of women in Jinan, to study the correlation between dietary pattern and body measurement index, to provide the basis for studying the relationship between dietary pattern and health and disease, and also to provide reference for women's health management. An examination. Methods A random sampling method was used to extract 595 women with routine physical examination from December 2010 to April 2012 in the health examination center of a hospital in Jinan. The age was 18-70 years, and the measurement index (height, body weight, The food frequency method was used to carry out the dietary survey, and the intake frequency of all kinds of food in the last 1 year was collected by using the food frequency method. And the correlation between the dietary condition and the age and the measurement index is explored by the Spearman grade correlation analysis method, and the correlation between the dietary condition and the age and the measurement index is explored by using the Spearman grade correlation analysis method. The body mass index (BMI), waist and hip ratio (WHR) and blood pressure of different dietary patterns and body mass index (BMI), waist and hip ratio (WHR) were studied by t-test and multivariate linear regression analysis. The relationship between diet and physical examination is discussed by structural equation model. in accordance with Save the relationship. Results The basic condition of BMI was 22.89-3.17 (range 15.4-35.4), overweight (24.0 BMI28.0) was 24.87%, and obesity (BMI) 28.0) 8.07%. The average waist circumference is 78.16 to 9.11 cm (the minimum value is 56.0 cm, the maximum value is 111.0 cm), and the waist circumference is 8. The waist-to-hip ratio is 0.83 + 0.07 (the minimum value is 0.66, the maximum value is 1.21), and the waist-to-hip ratio is 0.0 .85 (30.42%). The blood pressure is higher than 140/ 90m The mHg was 15.97%. The BMI, waist, waist-to-hip ratio and blood pressure and age were analyzed by linear regression, and the BMI (P = 0.1) 28, P = 0.000). The waist circumference (P = 0.382, P = 0.000), the waist-to-hip ratio (P = 0.003, P =-0.000), the systolic pressure (P = 0.800, P = 0.000) and the diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.456, P = 0.000) were positively related to the age, indicating that with the increase of age, overweight and fat Risk of fat and hypertension Increase. The intake of all kinds of food and the daily intake of all kinds of food recommended by China's balanced diet, and the intake of cereals, vegetables, fruits, eggs and grease in the women's diet of Jinan can meet the recommended daily amount. That is, the number of people who are lower than the recommended amount is lower than 30%; the number of the meat, beans and products of the livestock and poultry is lower than that of the recommended amount by 40%; the fish and shrimp, the milk and the product are seriously insufficient, and the number of the fish and shrimp, the milk and the product is less than 75%, in particular to 94.29% of the milk; and the salt is taken as a salt. The intake of vegetables, milk and products, desserts, beverages and salt was negatively correlated with age, cereals, fruits, eggs, and wine, and the intake and age of meat, milk and products, desserts, beverages and salt were negatively correlated with age. The intake of class and oil is not related to age. It is suggested that as the age increases, the intake of meat, milk, sweet and the like is reduced, and the vegetables, The intake of fish and shrimp, coarse cereals, and nuts increased. After adjusting age, the intake of vegetables, oil and salt was positively correlated with BMI. The intake of salt was positively related to the waist, waist and hip ratio and systolic pressure. ; fruit, salt The results were: KMO = 0.6310.6, Bartlett's spherical test X2 = 587.822, P = 0.000, so the food types were not independent of each other There is a strong correlation, which indicates the applicable factor analysis of this data. The number of retention factors in this study is 6. The maximum variance is orthogonal to the rotation. A total of 6 factors were used to explain the total variance of food intake by 55.45%. Modern mode: high intake of fruit and dairy products; vegetarian diet: high intake of fresh vegetables, less egg and beverage intake, and snack mode: intake of more puffed Food and pastries, beverages; alcoholic mode: intake of more alcohol. The results of the group's diet patterns show that the factor analysis of the age group under the age of 40 also results in six dietary patterns, namely, beans + fish and shrimp, nuts + coarse cereal, edible oil, and meat + cereals + salt. Mode, dairy + fruit pattern, wine + beverage + minor grain pattern, puffed food and cake + beverage mode and vegetable + less egg pattern. The factor analysis of the age group above 40 years (including 40 years) results in five kinds of dietary patterns, which are coarse cereals + beans, respectively. Type + nut + vegetarian, fruit + fish and shrimp, less cereal, meat + edible oil + salt, puffed food, and cake Point class + milk + beverage mode, egg class + shao There is a difference in the dietary patterns of different ages. After the study subjects are arranged in ascending order according to the overall dietary pattern, each dietary pattern will be The score of factor score is divided into four parts by low to high: Q1.Q2. Q3.Q4. The group of Q4 with higher score of traditional mode factor is larger than that in Q1 group (P0 (01) BMI, waist and waist-to-hip ratio (P0.05). The majority of the population in this mode is older, and the weight is higher and the weight is higher. The BMI of Q4 group was significantly higher than that in Q1 group (P0.01). ). In the fourth group, the waist-and-hip of the Q4 group was smaller than that in the Q1 group (P0.05). BMI and diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure were higher than that in Q1 group (P0.01). 05) BMI, waist and waist-to-hip ratio were lower (P0.05). The age of Q4 group was significantly lower than that in Q1 group (P0.01). After adjusting age, the fat pattern and BMI, waist circumference , systolic and diastolic blood pressure positive correlation, vegetarian model The final fit-of-fit index of the model is analyzed by the structural equation model of the diet and the physical examination index: the GFI is 0.9706. AGFI is 0.9687. The RMR is 2. .5575, PGFI was 0.9647. It was found that the model fitting was good. The path coefficients of the traditional and the hemoglobin factors and the liver function factors were 0.056 and 0.1338, respectively. The path coefficients of the lipid and blood pressure factors and the metabolic factors were 0.9974 and 1.1287, respectively. The alcoholic mode and the blood pressure factor, the hemoglobin factor and the liver function The path coefficients of the energy factors are 0, respectively. 03385, 2.3972, 0.9928, indicating a positive correlation between them. The path coefficient of the modern model to the blood pressure factor is-0.07; the path coefficient of the vegetarian and hemoglobin factors is-0.33303; the snack mode and the blood red egg Conclusion 1. The BMI water, li overweight and obesity rate in Jinan are higher than or close to the national nutrition survey level. The average waist circumference is lower than that of Shandong Province, and the prevalence of hypertension is lower than that of the whole country. The intake of the foot and the salt is much higher than the recommended amount of the dietary pagoda; the intake of different people There is a clear difference in the type and quantity of the food. It is suggested that the increase of the intake of oil and salt can increase the risk of obesity and hypertension. don't; grease pattern is associated with BMI, waist, WHR, and blood pressure to reduce grease, The intake of meat, salt and refined grains, and the formation of healthy eating habits. It is of great significance to prevent the occurrence of obesity and hypertension.4. The blood pressure factor and the liver function factor are affected by the dietary factors. Blood pressure
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R153.1
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