高校轮滑运动员赛前训练期间的健康管理

发布时间：2018-03-04 10:25

本文选题：轮滑运动员　切入点：赛前训练　出处：《沈阳师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的：通过对高校轮滑运动员赛前训练期间运动员心电图、体成分、尿液和唾液生理生化指标的监测，并辅以按摩、热敷和营养指导进行健康管理，以便将运动员的身体状态调整到最佳状态。方法：在赛前训练期间对轮滑运动员进行基本信息采集，每隔7天监测一次心电图和体成分，测定尿液肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性和羟脯氨酸、尿蛋白、尿酸的含量及尿PH大小，据此调整运动赛前训练并辅以按摩、热敷和营养指导等方式进行健康干预。结果：（1）体成分变化：赛前至训练16天蛋白质含量明显减少并具有显著性差异（P＜0.01），健康干预之后，延缓了蛋白质含量的下降（P＜0.01）。体脂肪含量、骨骼肌含量以及身体水分含量的变化规律大致相同，含量虽有减少但无显著差异。（2）心动周期：训练16天与赛前时相比，明显减短（P＜0.01），训练24天与训练16天相比，心动周期明显提高（P＜0.01）。（3）尿液变化：尿蛋白和尿羟脯氨酸的变化规律相同，训练8天较赛前相比上升，训练16天与赛前相比均有明显变化（P＜0.01），尿羟脯氨酸与赛前相比无变化但尿蛋白有差异（P＜0.05）；尿酸在训练开始后处于下降趋势，训练16天与赛前存在差异（P＜0.05），在健康干预之后数值上升，但与赛前相比存在显著差异（P＜0.01）。尿液酶活性：肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶的变化规律相同，训练16天后酶活性含量升高明显（P＜0.05），随后进行健康干预，训练24天酶活性较训练16天明显下降（P＜0.05）。（4）体液PH变化：训练16天后与赛前时尿PH相比明显上升（P＜0.01），训练16天与训练24天相比，尿PH值显著下降（P＜0.01）；唾液PH训练16天相比于赛前，唾液PH值显弱酸性，且具有显著变化（P＜0.01）。经过健康干预之后，训练24天相比于赛前有所上升（P＜0.05）。（5）肌肉酸痛指数：赛前健康问询得知运动员在赛前没有任何肌肉酸痛状况，训练8天时，肌肉酸痛指数上升，表现出有轻微酸痛症状。训练16天后，肌肉酸痛症状表现的更明显。经过一周的健康干预，，运动员肌肉酸痛指数有所下降。（6）比赛成绩：运动员在比赛中取得了优异的成绩，其中女子3000米接力获得了第二名，男子3000米接力获得了第四名，1000米个人计时赛和300米个人计时赛分获第八名。结论：（1）实验结果表明，赛前训练8天即刻出现肌肉2级酸痛，训练16天各项指标表明运动员处于运动性疲劳状态，说明赛前训练对运动员机能有显著影响。（2）及时对运动员给予按摩、热敷和营养指导，可以有效地改善运动员运动性疲劳状况，并对骨骼肌微损伤给予一定的保护作。
[Abstract]:Objective: to monitor the physiological and biochemical indexes of electrocardiogram, body composition, urine and saliva during pre-competition training of roller skaters in colleges and universities, and to carry out health management with massage, hot compress and nutrition instruction. In order to adjust the athlete's body condition to the best condition. Methods: the basic information of roller skaters was collected during pre-competition training. The electrocardiogram and body composition were monitored every 7 days, and the activities of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxyproline and urine protein were measured. The content of uric acid and urine PH were adjusted to adjust the training before the competition and the health intervention was carried out by massage, hot compress and nutrition instruction. Results the changes of body composition: the protein content decreased significantly and there was significant difference (P < 0.01). After health intervention, the decrease of protein content was delayed (P < 0.01), and the body fat content was significantly decreased. The changes of skeletal muscle content and body water content were approximately the same. Although the contents of skeletal muscle and body water content were decreased, there was no significant difference in cardiac cycle (P < 0.01) between 16 days training and 16 days after training (P < 0.01), and 24 days of training compared with 16 days of training. The changes of urine protein and hydroxyproline were the same, and the changes of urine protein and hydroxyproline in 8 days training were higher than those before the competition, the changes of urine were significantly increased in cardiac cycle (P < 0. 01, P < 0. 01, P < 0. 01). There were significant changes in urine hydroxyproline (P < 0.01), urine hydroxyproline (P < 0.01), urine protein (P < 0.05), uric acid (P < 0.05) and uric acid (P < 0.05) after training. But there was significant difference in urine enzyme activity: creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase increased significantly after 16 days of training (P < 0.05), and then health intervention was carried out, but there was significant difference in urine enzyme activity (P < 0.01), and the changes of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were the same after 16 days of training. The activity of enzyme in 24 days training was significantly lower than that in 16 days of training (P < 0. 05, P < 0. 05, P < 0. 01). After 16 days of training, the urine pH of urine increased significantly (P < 0. 01, P < 0. 01), and the urine PH value of 16 days of training was significantly lower than that of 24 days of training (P < 0. 01), and 16 days of saliva PH training was significantly lower than that of pre competition. The saliva PH value was weak and acidic, and had significant changes (P < 0.01). After health intervention, after 24 days of training, there was an increase in muscle soreness index after 24 days compared with that before the competition (P < 0.05, P < 0.05). The health inquiry before the competition showed that the athletes did not have any muscle soreness before the competition. After training for 8 days, the muscle soreness index increased, showing mild soreness symptoms. After 16 days of training, muscle soreness symptoms were more obvious. After a week of health intervention, The athlete's muscle ache index has decreased. 6) the athlete has made outstanding achievements in the competition, among which the women's 3000m relay has won the second place. The men's 3000m relay won 8th in 4th individual meter and 300 meter individual time racing. Conclusion 1) the results of the experiment showed that muscle pain of grade 2 appeared immediately after 8 days of pre-competition training, and the indexes of 16 days of training indicated that the athletes were in a state of exercise fatigue. It shows that pre-competition training has a significant effect on athletes' function. (2) timely massage, hot compress and nutritional guidance can effectively improve athletes' sports fatigue and provide certain protection to skeletal muscle micro-injury.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R87

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