我国高水平蹦床运动员脊柱腰段损伤的调查分析

发布时间：2018-05-09 09:47

本文选题：蹦床 + 脊柱腰段　；参考：《中国学校体育(高等教育)》2016年06期

【摘要】：运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、实地观察法等研究方法,综合生物学和训练学两大学科视角,对我国高水平蹦床运动员脊柱腰段损伤的总体特征和致伤因素进行了全面深入地分析与探讨。研究表明,我国高水平蹦床运动员脊柱腰段损伤率高达83.3%,前三大损伤类型为腰肌劳损、腰扭伤、腰椎间盘突出,其生物学致因在于生理解剖结构弱点、局部过劳加速生理性退变以及违背生物力学原理的运动;训练学角度主观因素主要在于不合理的技术动作、注意力不稳定、局部负荷过重和力量素质欠佳,客观因素主要为高危的项目特征和技术动作的复杂性。针对梳理出的脊柱腰段致伤机理,最终在损伤防护、力量训练、技术训练和心智训练方面提出应增强对康复性功能训练理念的应用,强化核心力量的训练和全身力量的均衡、对称发展,加强情绪调控能力和专注力的训练等指导性建议。
[Abstract]:Using the methods of literature, questionnaire, expert interview, field observation and so on, and integrating the perspectives of biology and training. The general characteristics and causes of spinal injury in high level trampoline athletes in China were analyzed and discussed. The results show that the injury rate of spine and lumbar segment of high level trampoline athletes in China is as high as 83.3%. The first three types of injuries are lumbar muscle strain, lumbar sprain, lumbar disc herniation, the biological cause of which lies in the weakness of anatomical structure. Local overstrain accelerates physiologic degeneration and violates biomechanical principles. Subjective factors of training angle are unreasonable technical action, unstable attention, local overloading and poor quality of strength. Objective factors are mainly high-risk project characteristics and complexity of technical action. In view of the injury mechanism of combed spine and lumbar segment, in the aspects of injury prevention, strength training, technical training and mental training, it was suggested that the application of the concept of rehabilitation function training should be strengthened, and the training of core strength and the balance of whole body strength should be strengthened. Symmetrical development, strengthening the ability of emotional regulation and concentration training and other guiding suggestions.
【作者单位】：山西医科大学;北京体育大学;国家蹦床训练基地;
【基金】：山西医科大学校级科研青年基金项目(项目编号:02201527)
【分类号】：R873;G838

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