我国优秀游泳运动员水中训练负荷的分析研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 16:37

本文选题：游泳 + 训练负荷　；参考：《北京体育大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：研究我国优秀游泳运动员赛前强度训练的水中训练负荷构成,通过训练中生理生化指标的监测,为教练员制定有效训练计划提供可靠依据；探求与以心率为基础的计算方法相比,自觉量表冲量法作为一种方便快捷的量化训练负荷的方法,是否可应用于游泳运动当中。方法：河南省优秀游泳运动员14名,于赛前强度训练期间跟队观察的全部情景,记录每堂课训练内容；负荷过程中予以计时,负荷后测即刻10秒心率作为运动中心率,采lmin指尖血测血乳酸,课后30min询问RPE。结果： 1.一周赛前强度训练中,中长距离游泳运动员周训练总量大于短距离游泳运动员；短距离游泳运动员无氧训练量及比重大于中长距离,体现了无氧能力对短距离运动员的重要性。训练中,中长距离和短距离运动员EN1训练量过大,而无氧训练量与国外运动员相比明显较少。 2.中长距离、短距离游泳运动员周训练计划安排有所差异,但都合理。随着训练课训练强度逐级加大,课中REC量随之增加,运动员进行了更为充分的准备和放松活动；各级强度的训练安排合理,其随着运动强度增大训练量和持续时间减少；强度课后的恢复期间,除EN1练习外,还可适量增加SP2练习。 3.各级强度训练时的乳酸、心率均在美国能量训练分类方法给定的范围内；但其训练中的血乳酸水平尚未达到比赛强度水平。 4.各运动员训练冲量的相关分析显示,用RPE-TRIMP计算所得数值均高于TRIMP和SHRZ; TRIMP与RPE-TRIMP、 SHRZ与RPE-TRIMP之间均存在高度相关,其中TRIMP与RPE-TRIMP相关系数在0.928-0.990(p0.01)之间,SHRZ与RPE-TRIMP相关系数在0.870-0.983(p0.01)之间。结论： 1.赛前强度训练中,中长距离、短距离游泳运动员的有氧训练比重过大,而无氧训练比重低于文献水平。训练中,教练员能较好的把控训练,运动员的乳酸、心率均在美国能量训练分类给定的范围之内,但其有效强度的渗透还有待加强。 2.与TRIMP和SHRZ相比,RPE-TRIMP作为一种方便快捷的量化训练负荷的方法,可用于游泳的训练负荷监控当中。
[Abstract]:Objective: to study the composition of water training load of Chinese elite swimmers' pre-competition intensity training, and to provide reliable basis for coaches to formulate effective training plan through monitoring physiological and biochemical indexes in training. Compared with the calculation method based on heart rate, the impulse method of conscious scale can be used in swimming as a convenient and quick method to quantify the training load. Methods: fourteen excellent swimmers from Henan Province were observed during the intensity training before the competition, and the training contents of each class were recorded, the time was timed during the course of the training, and the heart rate of 10 seconds after the load was measured as the exercise center rate. Lmin fingertip blood was collected to measure blood lactic acid, and 30min asked 30min after class. Results: 1. In the intensity training of one week, the total amount of weekly training of middle and long distance swimmers is larger than that of short distance swimmers, and the amount and proportion of anaerobic training of short distance swimmers is larger than that of medium and long distance, which reflects the importance of anaerobic ability to short distance athletes. In training, the amount of EN1 training for middle and long distance and short distance athletes is too large, but the amount of anaerobic training is obviously less than that of foreign athletes. 2. Long-distance and short-distance swimmers have different weekly training plans, but they are reasonable. With the increase of training intensity, the amount of REC in class increases, the athletes make more preparation and relax activities, the training arrangement of intensity at all levels is reasonable, and the training quantity and duration decrease with the increase of training intensity. During the recovery from intensive class, in addition to EN1 exercises, you can increase SP2 exercises in moderation. 3. The lactic acid and heart rate at all levels of intensity training are within the range given by the American energy training classification method, but the level of blood lactic acid in the training has not reached the level of competition intensity. 4. The correlation analysis of training impulse showed that the values calculated by RPE-TRIMP were higher than those by TRIMP and shrimp, and there was a high correlation between TRIMP and RPE-TRIMP, SHRZ and RPE-TRIMP, among which the correlation coefficient between TRIMP and RPE-TRIMP was 0.928-0.990 (p 0.01) and the correlation coefficient between TRIMP and RPE-TRIMP was 0.870-0.983p0.01). Conclusion: 1. In pre-competition intensity training, the proportion of aerobic training of middle and long distance and short distance swimmers is too large, but the proportion of anaerobic training is lower than that of literature. In the training, the coaches can control the training well, the lactic acid and heart rate of the athletes are all within the given range of the American energy training classification, but its effective intensity penetration needs to be strengthened. 2. Compared with TRIMP and SHRZ, RPE-TRIMP is a convenient and fast method to quantify training load, which can be used in swimming training load monitoring.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R87

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