我国司法精神病鉴定启动机制研究

发布时间：2018-05-22 15:55

本文选题：司法精神病鉴定 + 启动机制　；参考：《海南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济的发展和法律体系的不断完善,依法治国的理念逐渐深入人心。社会主义法治国家在建设的道路上,刑事司法是法治建设的重要组成部分,刑事审判的公正合理是刑事司法的应有之义。2012年刑事诉讼法增设了强制医疗特别程序,从而解决了其在程序层面的立法缺陷问题。该程序规定了强制医疗的适用条件、强制医疗的法院决定权、程序启动的阶段、被申请人的代理与法律援助权利、救济途径和事后评估监督程序等方面,其确立的法官保留原则或者司法审查原则无疑是其最大的进步之处。我国强制医疗的核心问题是司法精神病鉴定,而司法精神病鉴定启动机制是我国司法精神病鉴定的起点,也是其重要组成部分。长期以来,由于缺少相关法律规范,司法精神病鉴定启动机制一直缺乏系统的制度性支撑。然而,犯罪嫌疑人是否需要承担刑事责任与我国司法精神病鉴定的鉴定意见是紧密联系在一起的,其对刑事审判而言具有重大意义。在涉及司法精神病鉴定启动机制问题上,应从启动条件,启动主体,启动程序,救济途径等方面进行探讨。随着近年来法治的发展,在司法精神病鉴定过程中鉴定机构、鉴定人员的问题也相继出现;相关规章制度由于出台的年份较久且没有经过修正,对现实情况匹配程度也逐渐减弱;法律条文规定较为宽泛,对当事人法律援助救济不够等问题频繁出现,对社会和谐产生严重影响。基于此,本文通过对我国司法精神病鉴定启动机制的立法与实践两个层面的现状进行考察,再通过司法精神病鉴定域外考察比较所得出的借鉴合理成分,分析出当前我国司法精神病鉴定启动机制困境,模糊不清的启动条件、启动主体绝对化、被告方无启动权、其他程序参与人无启动权等方面问题。可知,我国尚未建立起具有对抗性的司法精神病鉴定启动机制。为了走出司法精神病鉴定启动机制的困境,笔者试图对我国司法精神病鉴定制度的完善提出些许建议:其一:从构建刑事司法精神病鉴定启动条件上,分别从初次鉴定,重新鉴定,补充鉴定,强制鉴定这四个方面在启动条件的构建上进行论述。其二:从完善司法精神病鉴定启动主体上,分别从控辩双方启动主体权力分配,不同案件类型启动权分配,这两个方面进行展开。其三:完善司法精神病监督机制。其四:完善救济途径。由此,通过完善相关法律规定和配套措施制度来全面规范司法精神病鉴定启动程序,试图赋予当事人双方平等的刑事司法精神病鉴定申请权和救济权,促进司法精神病鉴定程序走上规范化、法治化之路。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the improvement of the legal system, the idea of governing the country by law has gradually taken root in the hearts of the people. In the course of building a socialist country ruled by law, criminal justice is an important part of the construction of the rule of law, and the fairness and reasonableness of criminal trial is the proper meaning of criminal justice. In 2012, a special procedure for compulsory medical treatment was added to the Criminal procedure Law. In order to solve its procedural level of legislative defects. The procedure stipulates the applicable conditions of compulsory medical treatment, the court decision of compulsory medical treatment, the stage of initiation of the procedure, the rights of the respondent's agent and legal aid, the way of relief and the supervision procedure of ex post evaluation, etc. The principle of the retention of judges or the principle of judicial review is undoubtedly its greatest progress. The core problem of compulsory medical treatment in China is judicial psychiatric identification, and the starting mechanism of forensic psychiatric identification is the starting point and an important part of it. For a long time, due to the lack of relevant legal norms, the initiation mechanism of forensic psychiatric examination has been lack of systematic institutional support. However, whether the criminal suspect should bear criminal responsibility or not is closely related to the opinion of forensic psychiatry in our country, which is of great significance to the criminal trial. The starting mechanism of forensic psychiatric examination should be discussed from the aspects of starting condition, starting subject, starting procedure, relief way and so on. With the development of the rule of law in recent years, in the process of forensic psychiatric appraisal, the problems of expert personnel also appeared one after another; the relevant rules and regulations have been issued for a long time and have not been amended. The matching degree of the actual situation is also gradually weakened; the provisions of the law are relatively broad, the legal aid to the parties is not enough and other problems occur frequently, which has a serious impact on social harmony. Based on this, this paper investigates the current situation of the legislation and practice of the initiation mechanism of forensic psychiatry in China, and draws on the reasonable elements from the comparison of the overseas investigation of judicial psychiatric expertise. The problems such as the dilemma of the starting mechanism of forensic psychiatry in our country, the fuzzy starting conditions, the absolute starting-up of the subject, the lack of the defendant's right to start, and the other program participants' lack of the right to start are analyzed. It is known that China has not yet established an adversarial mechanism for the initiation of forensic psychiatry. In order to get out of the dilemma of the initiation mechanism of forensic psychiatric expertise, the author tries to put forward some suggestions on the perfection of the forensic psychiatric expertise system in China: first, from the construction of the starting conditions of criminal judicial psychiatric expertise, respectively, from the initial identification, Re-identification, supplementary identification, mandatory identification of the four aspects of the construction of starting conditions are discussed. Secondly, from perfecting the starting subject of forensic psychiatry, starting the power distribution between the prosecution and the defense, and the distribution of the right to start the different cases, the two aspects are carried out. Third, perfect the supervision mechanism of judicial psychosis. Fourth, perfect the relief way. As a result, by perfecting the relevant legal provisions and supporting measures to comprehensively standardize the initiation procedure of forensic psychiatric examination, the author tries to give both parties equal rights of application and relief for criminal judicial psychiatric examination. To promote the forensic psychiatric identification procedures on the road to standardization, rule of law.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D919.3

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