基于常压低氧舱的人的低氧耐力调控与评价方法研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 08:11

本文选题：PD-模糊算法 + 机体最优习服速率　；参考：《山东大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：我国国土面积的六分之一是由3000米以上的高山、高原构成的。寒冷、风大、空气稀薄,气候多变是高原的主要气候特征。空气稀薄,氧分压低,是高原环境对机体影响的主要因素。头痛、头昏、失眠、乏力、四肢发麻、眼花、耳鸣是高原不适人群进入高原后的普遍反应,重的高原不适人群则可能发生胸闷、呼吸困难、恶心、呕吐、浮肿等症状进而危及生命。随着我国社会经济发展及国防战略的需要,前往高原地区的人员越来越多。因此,如何保障上述人员的安全及提高高原居民的生活水平和健康质量,一直是高原医学研究的热点之一。本文在俞梦孙院士高原健康相关理论的指导下开展相关工作。首先分析了模拟高原低氧环境常规装备的特点及难点,本着控制误差小、安全性、经济性及易于推广的原则,在充分利用舱体漏气性的基础上结合PD-模糊控制算法研制了一种新型常压低氧舱。然后在验证间歇性低氧预习服是一种有效的提高人的低氧耐力的基础上,进行了人体形成低氧适应机制的低氧环境最优变化率验证试验,并在人体对环境变化的自适应功能特征与间歇性低氧训练方法结合的基础上,提出渐进型间歇性低氧训练方案。接着,针对常规的人的低氧耐力评价手段单一、只注重低氧预习服前后对比分析,忽视低氧预习服训练过程的分析,提出了在常规评价方法的基础上结合K均值聚类及多尺度熵分析的评价方法。最后,介绍了该成果已经取得的军事价值和民用领域推广的可行性及相关理论成果。主要内容包括:1、针对常压低氧舱控制系统具有非线性、大惯性、纯时滞以及对象模型不确定的难点,本文设计和研制了基于舱体的非密闭性的新型常压低氧舱。该研究在精确测得舱体不密封性基础上,利用气体分子扩散原理,发展了基于PD-模糊控制算法的低氧气体环境控制技术。结果表明,新型常压低氧舱可模拟海拔高度0-6000m,氮气利用率92%以上,误差±35m,最大响应时间2.52min,稳定性97%以上,达到模拟高原低氧环境的要求。解决了常压低氧舱控制精度不高、不易推广的问题。2、设置8人的低氧预习服训练,验证了间歇性低氧预习服,能够改善海拔3600米时人的低氧耐力,是一种急进高原主动的快速适应保障方案。通过血氧饱和度、心率、呼吸率、深睡时间、觉醒次数及中枢性呼吸暂停指数等指标对人的低氧耐力进行多个方面的具体量化。3、针对渐进型间歇性低氧预习服,缺乏理论依据及习服目标不明确等问题。为使低氧环境变化速率与人体自组织时间常数相匹配,从而达到"主动、快速适应"的目的,进行了人体形成低氧适应机制的低氧环境最优变化率验证试验研究。结果表明,人体低氧适应机制形成的最优低氧环境变化速率存在被限定的动态范围与我们要去的目的地海拔高度有关,这为相关的渐进型间歇性低氧预习服,提供了理论依据。在此基础上我们提出了 4500米以下的渐进型间歇性低氧预习服方案。4、针对人的低氧耐力评价方法单一,只注重低氧预习服结果,忽视低氧预习服过程的分析。本文结合渐进型低氧预习服方案,在常规的人的低氧耐力评价方法的基础上,提出了K均值聚类及多尺度熵的人的低氧耐力评价方法。结果表明,K均值聚类是辨识机体低氧耐力一种更全面有效的方法,多尺度熵可以对渐进型低氧预习服的调节过程进行分析。在此过程中,发现机体具有低氧记忆性。机体在形成低氧环境的适应机制后,即使返回平原地区,低氧习服功能消退后,仍存在记忆性,一旦低氧环境再次出现,会迅速唤醒机体已建立起来的低氧习服机制。5、介绍该成果已取得的军事价值:该成果至今已经在我军7个部队、180多名空勤以及2000余名地勤人员中得到了成功应用,进行过低氧预习服训练的飞行人员均未见中重度高原反应的发生,轻度反应人员不足10%;分析该成果基于"援藏干部的低氧预习服研究"民用推广的可行性;阐述基于人体多层次自组织功能认识高原反应、间歇性低氧训练的自组织系统适应环境能力模型、渐进型间歇性低氧训练(PIHE)、机体适应低氧环境变化的速率VA的普遍意义及低氧适应能力的消退性及其记忆性的相关理论研究。
[Abstract]:1/6 of China's land area is made up of high mountains and high altitude of more than 3000 meters. Cold, windy, thin air and changeable climate are the main climatic characteristics of the plateau. The air is thin and oxygen is low, it is the main factor affecting the body. Headache, dizziness, insomnia, fatigue, numbness in the limbs, eye flowers and tinnitus are inaccessible to the plateau. The general response to the plateau, the heavy plateaus group may suffer from symptoms such as chest tightness, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting and swelling. With the social and economic development of our country and the need of national defense strategy, there are more and more people to the plateau. Therefore, how to safeguard the safety of the above personnel and improve the living of the plateau residents The living level and health quality have always been one of the hot spots in the research of plateau medicine. This paper has carried out some relevant work under the guidance of the plateau health related theory of academician Yu Mengsun. Firstly, the characteristics and difficulties of the conventional equipment in simulated plateau hypoxia environment are analyzed, and the principles of small control error, safety, economy and easy popularization are used in full use. On the basis of the air leakage of the cabin, a new type of atmospheric hypooxygen cabin is developed with the PD- fuzzy control algorithm. Then, it is proved that intermittent hypoxic preview is an effective way to improve human hypoxia tolerance. Based on the combination of adaptive functional characteristics and intermittent hypoxia training, a progressive intermittent hypoxia training scheme is proposed. Then, the conventional methods of evaluating low oxygen endurance are only single, focusing on contrast analysis before and after hypoxic preview, ignoring the analysis of training course for hypoxic preconditioning, and putting forward the basis of the conventional evaluation method. The evaluation method is combined with K mean clustering and multi-scale entropy analysis. Finally, the military value and the feasibility of popularizing the civil field and the related theoretical results have been introduced. The main contents are as follows: 1, the difficulties of nonlinear, large inertia, pure time delay and the uncertainty of the object model for the control system of the atmospheric oxygen cabin are discussed. A new type of normal pressure hypoxic cabin based on the non hermetic cabin is designed and developed. On the basis of accurately measuring the non sealing property of the hatch, the low oxygen gas environment control technology based on the PD- fuzzy control algorithm is developed by using the principle of gas molecular diffusion. The result shows that the new atmospheric oxygen tank can simulate the altitude of 0-6000m, and the nitrogen use is used. The rate is above 92%, the error is + 35m, the maximum response time is 2.52min, the stability is more than 97%, which can reach the requirement of simulated plateau hypoxia environment. It solves the problem.2 that the control precision is not high in the normal pressure hypoxic chamber and is not easy to popularize. It sets up 8 people's hypoxic prehabit training, verifies the intermittent hypoxic prehabit, and can improve the low oxygen endurance of people at 3600 meters altitude. It is a The rapid adaptation support scheme for the rapid development of high altitude plateau. Through the indexes of blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiratory rate, deep sleep time, awakening times and central apnea index, the human hypoxic endurance is quantified by.3. In order to match the change rate of hypoxic environment with the time constant of human self tissue, to achieve the goal of "active and rapid adaptation", the test study on the optimal rate of change of low oxygen environment for the formation of hypoxic adaptation mechanism in human body has been carried out. The results show that the optimal hypoxia environment change rate of the adaptive mechanism of human hypoxia is limited. The dynamic range is related to the altitude of the destination we are going to. This provides a theoretical basis for the related progressive intermittent hypoxia preview. On this basis, we propose a progressive intermittent hypoxic preview scheme.4 under 4500 meters. The method of evaluating human hypoxia tolerance is single, focusing only on the results of hypoxic Preview and neglecting the results of hypoxic preview. The analysis of the process of hypoxic preview. Based on the progressive hypoxic preview scheme, based on the conventional methods of evaluating low oxygen endurance, the K mean clustering and multi-scale entropy of human hypoxia tolerance evaluation method is proposed. The results show that K mean clustering is a more comprehensive and effective method to identify the low oxygen endurance of the body, and the multiscale entropy can be used. In this process, the adjustment process of the progressive hypoxic preview is analyzed. In this process, it is found that the body has the memory of hypoxia. After the adaptation mechanism of the hypoxic environment is formed, the body still has memory after the return of the hypoxia acclimatization function even to the plain area. Once the hypoxia environment appears again, it will quickly wake up the lower body. The oxygen acclimation mechanism,.5, introduces the military value of the results: the results have been successfully applied to 7 troops, more than 180 aircrew and more than 2000 ground crew members. All pilots who have been trained in hypoxic preconditioning have not seen the occurrence of moderate to severe plateau reactions and less than 10% of the mild reaction personnel. The feasibility of the civil popularization of "hypoxic preview study" for "Tibetan cadres", the general significance of the adaptive low oxygen training (PIHE), the change rate of the hypoxic environment of the body and the adaptation to the hypoxic environment, and the adaptation to the hypoxia adaptation, based on the multi-level self-organizing function of the human body to recognize the plateau response, the self-organizing system of intermittent hypoxia training, the gradual intermittent hypoxia training (PIHE), and the adaptation to the hypoxic environment. The regression theory of ability and its memory.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R85

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