第八套广播体操锻炼对健康女大学生心率变异性及心肺功能的影响

发布时间：2018-07-07 20:17

本文选题：第八套广播体操 + 心率变异性　；参考：《山东师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究目的：广播体操作为具有中国特色的运动项目，是人们调整心态、放松神经、陶冶情操的有效手段，对促进广大人民群众的健康水平发挥了重要的作用。心率变异性（HRV）是指逐次心跳间期之间的微小差异，可用于心脏交感神经、迷走神经的活动变化及其均衡性的定量评估，，是反映交感神经和迷走神经功能活动及平衡状态的一项无创性的定量指标。本研究拟通过观察8周第八套广播体操锻炼前中后心率变异性指标的变化，探讨第八套广播体操锻炼对自主神经调节功能的影响规律，为广播体操的再次推广提供理论支持。研究对象：采用人口统计学特征表格、PARQYOU问卷、身体活动指数问卷及症状自评量表（SCL-90）进行调查，并进行HRV及心肺功能测试，筛选能胜任，无酗酒、吸烟等不良嗜好，无心脏病、呼吸系统疾病以及心血管疾病史，无运动禁忌症的健康女大学生34名作为研究对象。向受试者详细解释本实验的目的及过程，所有受试者均书面知情同意并愿意配合完成本实验。所有受试者被随机分为三组：对照组（n=12）、实验一组（n=11）及实验二组（n=11）。研究内容：①不同体位姿势对安静状态下HRV的影响；②一次广播体操锻炼对HRV的急性影响；③第八套广播体操不同动作对HRV的影响；④8周不同频率广播体操锻炼对HRV的影响。研究方法：采用文献资料法、调查法、实验法和数理统计法等研究方法。⑴第八套广播体操锻炼处方：①锻炼周期：8周；②运动方式：按照国家体育总局推广的第八套广播体操进行锻炼；③运动强度：第八套广播体操固有节奏；④运动时间：实验一组每次连续做两遍（运动约8分钟），实验二组每次做连续四遍（运动约16分钟）；⑤运动频率：5天/周，实验一组两遍/次/天，实验二组四遍/次/天；⑥注意事项：着合适服装；实验正式开始前进行课件教学及训练指导，保证每位受试者做操标准、熟练；每次锻炼的时间、地点固定。对照组实验期间不进行任何相关锻炼，按原作息规律生活。⑵指标测试：①HRV测试：采用芬兰博能心率表(Polar s810i)分别记录做广播操前、中、后即刻、后5分钟的心率以及锻炼开始前、锻炼4周后、锻炼8周后安静状态下的心率，采用专门软件（polarprecision performance SW）对5分钟间期的心率变异性进行时域和频域分析。观察指标包括频域指标：LF、HF、LFnorm、HFnorm、LF/HF和时域指标：SD、RMSSD。②肺功能指标测试：采用德国耶格Master Screen CPX运动心肺功能系统记录锻炼开始前和锻炼8周后的肺功能指标。③心理指标测试：采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）测量锻炼开始前和锻炼8周后受试者安静状态下的心理健康状况。④形态机能指标测试：采用韩国身体成分分析仪（Vivente Body CompositionAnalyzer）测量受试者锻炼开始前和锻炼8周后的身体组成成分。研究结果：①不同体位对安静状态HRV的影响：SD、RMSSD、LFnorm、HFnorm和LF/HF值在不同体位之间均呈现显著性差异，反映迷走神经活动水平的RMSSD和HFnorm在站立位时最低，仰卧位时最高；而反映交感神经活动水平LFnorm在仰卧位时最低，站立位最高，但SD出现了相反的结果；反映自主神经均衡性的LF/HF在仰卧位最低，站立位最高。②一次广播体操锻炼对HRV指标的急性影响：做广播操运动时时域指标RMSSD和频域指标HFnorm较运动前呈显著性降低，运动后5分钟仍未恢复至正常水平；时域指标SD和频域指标LFnorm较运动前呈显著性升高，运动后5分钟仍未恢复至正常水平；LF/HF运动中及运动后即刻均较运动前显著增加，运动后5分钟即能恢复。③8周不同频率广播体操锻炼对HRV的影响：无论是实验一组还是实验二组经过八周的广播体操锻炼，均可使时域指标SD呈现显著降低。④第八套广播体操不同动作对HRV的影响：SD指标最低值出现在踢腿运动中，最高值出现在全身运动和跳跃运动中；RMSSD指标最低值出现在扩胸运动，踢腿运动，全身运动和跳跃运动中，最高值出现在整理运动中；LFnorm指标最低值出现在体侧运动，体转运动和整理运动中，最高值出现在全身运动和跳跃运动中；HFnorm指标最低值出现在全身运动和跳跃运动中，最高值出现在体侧运动，体转运动和整理运动中；LF/HF指标最低值出现在伸展运动，体转运动和整理运动中，最高值出现在跳跃运动中。⑤8周第八套广播体操锻炼对肺功能的影响：经过8周的广播体操锻炼，无论是实验一组和实验二组，PEF、Tmax、VEmax和loadmax均呈现显著性升高（P0.05或P0.01），PIF在实验一组中呈极显著性升高。⑥8周第八套广播体操锻炼对SCL-90因子的影响：实验二组经过8周的广播体操锻炼后，强迫症状指数、精神病性因子和总症状指数均呈显著性降低（P0.05或P0.01）。结论：①第八套广播体操不同动作对HRV的频域和时域指标存在有不同的影响。②第八套广播体操锻炼对HRV的频域和时域指标均有显著影响，表现为交感神经紧张性增强、迷走神经紧张性降低，其总体效应可持续至运动后5分钟。HRV时域和频域指标的变化时间上并非完全一致。③8周第八套广播体操锻炼可以显著降低安静状态下心交感神经的紧张度。④8周第八套广播体操锻炼可显著改善受试者的肺功能，每天四遍锻炼还可降低强迫症状和精神病性因子，改善心理健康水平。
[Abstract]:Research purposes: as a sport with Chinese characteristics, radio gymnastics is an effective means for people to adjust their state of mind, relax their nerves and edify their sentiments, and plays an important role in promoting the health of the masses. HRV is a small difference between the heartbeat intervals of the heart, which can be used in the heart sympathetic nerve and can be lost. The change of nerve activity and the quantitative assessment of its equilibrium are a noninvasive quantitative index reflecting the functional activity and balance of the sympathetic and vagus nerves. This study is to observe the changes of heart rate variability before and after 8 weeks of eighth sets of broadcast exercises, and to explore the regulation of autonomic nervous regulation in eighth sets of broadcast exercises. The influence rule of function provides theoretical support for broadcasting gymnastics again.
Subjects: a survey of demographics, PARQYOU, physical activity index and symptom checklist (SCL-90), and HRV and cardiopulmonary tests were conducted to screen out the ability to be competent, no alcoholism, smoking and other bad habits, no heart disease, respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and a healthy woman without contraindications. 34 college students were selected as the subjects. The subjects were explained in detail to the subjects. All the subjects were informed and agreed to complete the experiment. All the subjects were randomly divided into three groups: the control group (n=12), the experimental group (n=11) and the experiment two groups (n=11).
Research contents: (1) the influence of different posture on HRV in quiet state; (2) the acute influence of a broadcast exercise on HRV; (3) the effect of different movements of eighth sets of broadcast gymnasts on HRV; (4) the influence of 8 weeks of exercise on the radio gymnastic exercises on HRV.
Research methods: using the methods of literature, investigation, experimental and mathematical statistics. (1) Eighth sets of exercise prescriptions for broadcast gymnastics: (1) exercise cycle: 8 weeks; (2) exercise mode: exercise according to eighth sets of broadcast gymnasts popularized by the State General Administration of physical education; (3) exercise intensity: eighth sets of natural rhythms of broadcast gymnastics; (4) Exercise time: a group of two times (about 8 minutes of exercise) each time, the experiment two groups of two consecutive four times (exercise about 16 minutes); 5, 5 days per week, 5 days / weeks, a group of two times / times / days, two groups four times / times / day; 6. Attention: the appropriate clothing; before the formal start of the experiment courseware teaching and training guidance before the formal start of the experiment, guarantee Each subject was proved to be an exercise standard and skilled; the time and place of each exercise were fixed. The control group did not carry out any related exercises during the experimental period and live according to the regular practice. (2) index test: (1) HRV test: using the Finland natural heart rate meter (Polar S810i) to record the heart rate before, after, after, after 5 minutes, and the exercise of heart rate respectively. Before 4 weeks of exercise, heart rate in quiet state after 8 weeks of exercise was analyzed in time domain and frequency domain by special software (polarprecision performance SW). The indexes included frequency domain index: LF, HF, LFnorm, HFnorm, LF/HF, and time domain index: SD, RMSSD. 2 lung function test: German ye The Master Screen CPX exercise cardiopulmonary function system records the lung function indexes before and after 8 weeks of exercise. 3 psychological indicators test: the psychological health status of the subjects in the quiet state of the subjects before and after 8 weeks of exercise by the symptom checklist (SCL-90). 4. Morphological and mechanical index test: the analysis of Korean body composition Vivente Body CompositionAnalyzer was used to measure the body composition of subjects before and after 8 weeks of exercise.
The results were as follows: (1) the effects of different body positions on HRV in the quiet state: SD, RMSSD, LFnorm, HFnorm and LF/HF were significantly different between different positions. The RMSSD and HFnorm reflecting the level of vagal activity were the lowest in the standing position, and the highest in the supine position, while the level of the sympathetic activity level was the lowest in the supine position and the standing position. The highest, but SD appeared the opposite results; the LF/HF reflecting the autonomic nerve equilibrium was the lowest in the supine position and the highest standing position. (2) the acute effect of a broadcast exercise on the HRV index: the time domain index of the broadcasting exercise time domain and the frequency domain index HFnorm were significantly lower than that before the exercise, and 5 minutes after the exercise did not recover to the normal level. The time domain index SD and the frequency domain index LFnorm were significantly higher than those before the exercise, and still did not recover to the normal level 5 minutes after the exercise; the LF/HF movement and after exercise were significantly higher than that before the exercise, and the 5 minutes after the exercise could be restored. (3) the effect of 8 weeks at different frequencies of exercise on the HRV: whether the experiment group or the experiment two groups After eight weeks of radio gymnastic exercise, the time domain index SD can be reduced significantly. (4) the effect of different exercises of eighth sets of broadcast gymnasts on HRV: the minimum value of SD index appears in kicking movement, the highest value appears in the whole body movement and jumping movement; the lowest value of RMSSD index appears in the chest movement, kicking movement, whole body movement and jumping. The highest value of the LFnorm index appears in the body movement, the body movement and the finishing movement, the highest value appears in the whole body movement and the jumping movement, the lowest value of the HFnorm index appears in the whole body movement and jumping movement, the highest value appears in the body side movement, the body rotation movement and the finishing movement; LF/ The lowest value of HF index appeared in extensional movement, body rotation movement and finishing movement, the highest value appeared in the jump movement. 5. The effect of eighth sets of broadcast exercises on lung function in 8 weeks: after 8 weeks of radio exercise, both experimental and experimental two groups showed significant increase (P0.05 or P0.01), PIF, PIF, PIF, PIF, PIF, PIF, PIF There was a very significant increase in the experimental group. 6. The effect of eighth sets of broadcast exercises on SCL-90 factor in 8 weeks: after 8 weeks of radio gymnastic exercise in the two groups, the forced symptom index, psychosis factor and the total symptom index were significantly reduced (P0.05 or P0.01). Conclusion: (1) the frequency of different movements of eighth sets of broadcast gymnasts to HRV Both domain and time domain indicators have different effects. (2) Eighth sets of broadcast exercises have significant influence on the frequency domain and time domain index of HRV, which shows the enhancement of sympathetic nervous tension and the decrease of the vagal nervousness. The overall effect is not completely consistent with the time domain and frequency domain index of the time of 5 minutes after the exercise. (3) 8 weeks. Eighth sets of broadcast exercises can significantly reduce the tension of the sympathetic nerve in the quiet state. (4) Eighth sets of broadcast exercises for 8 weeks can significantly improve the lung function of the subjects, and the four times of exercise every day can also reduce the compulsion and psychosis factors and improve the mental health level.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G831.1;G804.2

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