心脏左心室二尖瓣装置的参数测量研究

发布时间：2018-07-08 17:51

本文选题：三维纹理映射 + 视线投射　；参考：《上海交通大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来心脏疾病的发病率不断提高，心血管疾病已成为全球死亡人数最多的疾病之一。而针对心脏左心室二尖瓣装置的参数测量研究对于二尖瓣病变的诊断和手术治疗有重要意义，双源CT技术的发展与成熟为心血管疾病的诊断和治疗提供了重要的影像依据，也使二尖瓣装置参数测量和分析成为可能。因此，，有效的利用计算机三维显示技术提取二尖瓣装置模型中的关键点进行参数测量，是计算机辅助心脏二尖瓣装置病变诊断和手术规划的重要基础。三维显示是进行三维测量的基础。近年来计算机三维显示硬件的快速发展使三维医学图像显示技术得以推广。三维纹理映射和视线投射法等体绘制算法是三维计算机显示技术的核心。三维纹理映射由于在显卡的显示处理单元（GPU）上运行，且已实现大量的硬件并行计算，所以能达到很快的显示速率。本文对于三维心脏数据的整体显示采用三维纹理映射法。本文在设计传递函数等需要显示细节的情况下用视线投射法进行体绘制。采用的视线投射法基于并行架构CUDA平台运行，能充分利用GPU大量并行计算流处理器的资源，可以达到实时显示的帧率，并且对细节的显示较为逼真。传递函数设计又是三维显示中的关键技术之一，传递函数能帮助用户更清楚地显示感兴趣的区域。本文采用基于可见性直方图的传递函数设计。首先对体数据进行预处理，提出在视线投射算法中利用基于可见性直方图的心脏传递函数对心脏数据进行三维显示，并且我们提出了半自动方法来确定传递函数。通过这些方法，用户可以通过调节传递函数突出显示感兴趣的部分，甚至可以观察到心腔的许多细节。然后，我们利用CUDA技术对计算及显示进行加速，对三维心脏数据进行实时动态显示。包括二尖瓣环投影面积在内的心脏左心室参数测量对于衡量患者的心功能有着重要的意义。传统CT的左心室参数测量由于在乳头肌位置标定及二尖瓣环提取方面遇到了较大的困难，因此效果不甚理想，且方法复杂，可重复性差。本文提出了一套全新的基于计算机图形学的心脏左心室参数测量流程，可以快速准确而有效进行二尖瓣环及乳头肌的位置标定。并且借助于GPU三维纹理映射方法，在三维显示的基础上进行三维取点。实验证明，经本文提出的方法提高了参数提取的准确性，且可靠性较好，可应用于临床科研。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the incidence of heart disease has been increasing, cardiovascular disease has become one of the most deaths in the world. The parameter measurement of left ventricular mitral valve device is of great significance for the diagnosis and surgical treatment of mitral valve disease. The development and maturity of dual-source CT technique provide an important imaging basis for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. It also makes it possible to measure and analyze the parameters of mitral valve device. Therefore, the effective use of computer three-dimensional display technology to extract the key points of mitral valve device model for parameter measurement is an important basis for computer-aided diagnosis and surgical planning of mitral valve device. 3 D display is the basis of 3 D measurement. In recent years, with the rapid development of computer 3D display hardware, 3D medical image display technology has been popularized. Volume rendering algorithms such as 3D texture mapping and line of sight projection are the core of 3D computer display technology. 3D texture mapping can achieve a fast display rate because it runs on the display processing unit (GPU) of the graphics card and has realized a lot of hardware parallel computation. In this paper, three-dimensional texture mapping method is used for the whole display of three-dimensional heart data. In this paper, the design of transfer function need to show the details of the case using the line of sight projection method for volume rendering. The line of sight projection method is based on the parallel architecture CUDA platform, which can make full use of the resources of GPU parallel computing stream processor, can achieve the frame rate of real-time display, and the detail display is more realistic. Transfer function design is one of the key techniques in 3D display. Transfer function can help users to display the region of interest more clearly. The design of transfer function based on visibility histogram is adopted in this paper. Firstly, the volume data is preprocessed, and the heart transfer function based on visibility histogram is proposed to display the heart data in line of sight projection algorithm, and we propose a semi-automatic method to determine the transfer function. Through these methods, the user can highlight the part of interest by adjusting the transfer function, and can even observe many details of the heart cavity. Then, we use CUDA technology to speed up the calculation and display, and real-time dynamic display of three-dimensional cardiac data. The measurement of left ventricular parameters including mitral annular projection area plays an important role in evaluating cardiac function. The traditional measurement of left ventricular parameters by CT is difficult to calibrate the position of papillary muscle and extract mitral annulus, so the effect is not satisfactory, the method is complex and the repeatability is poor. In this paper, a new procedure of measuring left ventricular parameters based on computer graphics is proposed, which can be used to calibrate the position of mitral annulus and papillary muscle quickly and accurately. With the help of GPU 3D texture mapping method, 3D point extraction is carried out on the basis of 3D display. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves the accuracy and reliability of parameter extraction and can be applied to clinical scientific research.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R816.2

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