我国运动员运动性失眠状况调查与特点分析

发布时间：2018-07-16 17:38

【摘要】：研究目的：通过调查分析揭示我国运动员运动性失眠的分布、原因、治疗以及影响等特点以及不同性别、等级、项群、项目运动员睡眠质量、焦虑、抑郁程度的差异，为避免运动性失眠、焦虑、抑郁的发生，改善运动员的睡眠，促进机体恢复，提高训练、比赛质量，保持良好的竞技状态提供参考依据。研究方法：运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、数理统计法等方法，对山东省体育训练中心及浙江省体工队的男、女各210名运动员进行了有关运动性失眠、焦虑、抑郁的调查与分析，涉及的运动项目涵盖七大项群13个运动项目。研究结果：(1)PSQI总分≥8的运动员占总人数的56%，SRSS总分≥23的运动员占50.7%，SAS总分≥50的运动员占30.2%，SDS总分≥53的运动员占30.2%。睡眠质量好、中、差者的焦虑和抑郁平均分依次升高，不同睡眠质量者之间的焦虑、抑郁状态差异均具有显著性意义(P＜0.01)。(2)PSQI总分、SRSS总分与SAS和SDS均成显著正相关（P＜0.01）。(3)运动性失眠症状发生于所调查的所有运动项目中，总体发生率为56%，男性为50.5%，女性为61.4%。日常训练期、大负荷训练后是运动性失眠的高发时期。导致运动性失眠的心理因素主要为训练或比赛期间暂遇挫折而情绪抑郁、比赛前思虑过度、训练期间过度焦虑、赛前情绪紧张。失眠对运动员的影响主要是身体疲劳，困乏、白天思睡，在训练中产生抵触情绪及身体功能下降，运动性失眠仅引起部分运动员的重视，治疗以按摩和心理治疗为主，但治疗效果并不明显。(4)女运动员PSQI、SRSS总分显著低于男运动员，SAS、SDS总分显著高于男运动员（P＜0.01）。女运动员匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表中各因子的平均分均高于男运动员，但只有在睡眠质量和睡眠障碍两个因子上,男、女运动员存在显著性差异。(5)健将级运动员PSQI、SRSS总分与一级、二级运动员均具有显著性差异，，但SAS、SDS总分间不具有统计学差异。(6)对抗性项群的PSQI、SRSS、SAS及SDS总分最高，表现准确性项群的SRSS、SAS、SDS总分最低，耐力性、表现准确性以及快速力量性项群SRSS总分较低，差距小于1分。(7)射击、羽毛球、投掷项目运动员睡眠质量相对较好，柔道运动员最差。柔道、排球运动员焦虑、抑郁水平较高，射击最低。研究结论：(1)运动性失眠症状发生于所调查的所有运动项目中，运动性失眠的发生率女性高于男性；格斗对抗性、表现难美性、速度性项群最高，表现准确性项群最低；健将级运动员最高，二级最低。(2)睡眠质量与焦虑、抑郁相关性显著。(3)运动性失眠多发于日常训练期、大负荷训练后，紧张、焦虑、抑郁等心理可诱导运动性失眠的发生，其影响显著，但治疗失眠的方法单一，效果不明显。(4)女运动员的焦虑和抑郁水平显著高于男运动员。(5)不同运动项群的焦虑、抑郁变化趋势基本一致，不同的是变化幅度：对抗性项群得分最高，表现准确性项群最低。(6)焦虑、抑郁水平较高的运动项目是柔道、排球、羽毛球，射击项目最低；羽毛球运动员虽睡眠质量较高，但其焦虑、抑郁水平也高。
[Abstract]:Objective: through investigation and analysis, the distribution, cause, treatment and influence of athletes' Sports insomnia in China, and the differences of sex, grade, item group, sleep quality, anxiety and depression of the athletes, in order to avoid sports insomnia, anxiety and depression, improve the sleep of athletes and promote the recovery of the body. It provides reference for high training, competitive quality and good athletic condition.
Research methods: using the methods of literature, questionnaire, expert interview and mathematical statistics, 210 male and female athletes of Shandong sports training center and Zhejiang physical engineering team were investigated and analyzed about sports insomnia, anxiety and depression, and the related sports covered 13 sports events.
The results were as follows: (1) the total number of athletes with total score of more than 8 of PSQI accounted for 56% of the total number, the total score of the total score of SRSS or more than 23 was 50.7%, the total score of the total score of SAS or more than 50 was 30.2%, and the athletes with the total score of more than 53 of the total score of 30.2%. were in good sleep quality, and the average scores of anxiety and depression in the poor were in turn, and the differences of anxiety and depression among the people with sleep quality were all of the difference. Significant (P < 0.01). (2) total score of PSQI, SRSS total score and SAS and SDS (P < 0.01). (3) the total incidence of motor insomnia occurred in all the sports items investigated, the overall incidence was 56%, the male was 50.5%, the female was the daily training period of 61.4%., and the high incidence of motor insomnia after the heavy load training. The psychological factors of sleeping are mainly emotional depression during training or competition, excessive thinking before the game, excessive anxiety during the training period, and emotional tension before the game. The effects of insomnia on athletes are physical fatigue, sleepiness, daytime sleepiness, the decline of feeling and body function in training, and sports insomnia only cause partial exercise. Attendant attention, the treatment was mainly massage and psychotherapy, but the treatment effect was not obvious. (4) female athletes PSQI, SRSS total score was significantly lower than male athletes, SAS, SDS total score was significantly higher than the male athletes (P < 0.01). The average score of each son in the Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale of female athletes was higher than that of male athletes, but only in sleep quality and sleep quality. There were significant differences between male and female athletes on two factors of sleep disorder. (5) PSQI, SRSS total score and grade two athletes had significant differences, but there was no statistical difference between SAS and SDS. (6) the total scores of PSQI, SRSS, SAS and SDS in the antagonistic group were the highest, and the SRSS, SAS, SDS score of the accuracy group was the lowest. Endurance, performance accuracy and fast strength item group SRSS total score is low, the gap is less than 1 points. (7) shooting, badminton, throwing athletes are relatively better sleep quality, judo athletes are the worst, judo, volleyball players anxiety, depression level is higher, the lowest shooting.
Research conclusions: (1) the symptoms of sports insomnia occur in all the sports events investigated, the incidence of sports insomnia in women is higher than that of men; combat resistance, the performance of the beauty, the highest speed item group, the lowest performance group, the highest in the athletes, the lowest two. (2) sleep quality and anxiety, depression correlation is significant. (3) sports insomnia mostly in the daily training period, after heavy load training, stress, anxiety, depression and other psychological can induce sports insomnia, the effect is significant, but the treatment method of insomnia is single, the effect is not obvious. (4) the level of anxiety and depression of female athletes is significantly higher than that of male athletes. (5) different sports groups of anxiety, depression trends The trend is basically the same, the difference is the range of change: the highest score of the antagonistic item group and the lowest performance group. (6) the sports items of higher anxiety and depression are judo, volleyball, badminton, and the shooting items are the lowest; the badminton players have higher sleep quality, but their anxiety and depression are also high.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R87

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