优秀速度滑冰运动员冰上直道专项肌肉用力特征对比分析

发布时间：2018-12-12 15:26

【摘要】：目的:探讨两名优秀速滑运动员专项肌肉用力特征差异。方法:采用视频和表面肌电同步采集两名优秀速度滑冰运动员冰上专项过程支撑腿肌电参数,从主要做功肌群、肌肉激活强度和肌肉激活顺序3个角度研究其冰上专项肌肉用力特征。结果:两名运动员的主要做功肌群相似,胫骨前肌和股四头肌是支撑滑跑阶段的主要用力肌群;两名运动员各肌群肌电在屈伸间展现了较一致的变化趋势,体现了专项过程的肌电变化特征——胫骨前肌屈过程激活更大,股四头肌伸过程激活更大;两名运动员动作技术稳定,各肌肉的激活顺序具有较强的规律性——胫骨前肌最先激活,然后是股内侧肌、股外侧肌和股二头肌;胫骨前肌最先灭活,股内侧肌、股外侧肌和腓肠肌在离冰时刻灭活。结论:专项训练实践中应针对主要用力肌群及其专项做功方式进行训练,以提高力量练习的针对性和实效性。张X应加强蹬冰后期技术改进及腓肠肌力量训练。
[Abstract]:Objective: to explore the difference of specific muscle strength between two excellent speed skaters. Methods: the leg electromyography parameters of two excellent speed skaters were collected by video and surface electromyography synchronously. The specific muscle strength on ice was studied from three angles of muscle activation intensity and muscle activation sequence. Results: the main working muscles of the two athletes were similar, the tibial anterior muscle and the quadriceps femoris were the main forced muscles to support the taxiing stage. The electromyography of each muscle group of the two athletes showed a consistent trend between flexion and extension, which reflected the characteristics of the specific process: the activation of the anterior tibial muscle flexion was greater, and the extension of the quadriceps femoris was more active than that of the quadriceps femoris. The two athletes' movement technique was stable, and the activation sequence of each muscle had strong regularity: the anterior tibial muscle was activated first, then the medial femoral muscle, the lateral femoral muscle and the biceps femoris muscle; Anterior tibial muscle was first inactivated, medial femoral muscle, lateral femoris muscle and gastrocnemius muscle were inactivated at ice free time. Conclusion: in order to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of strength training, it is necessary to train the main muscle groups and their special ways of doing work in the practice of special training. Zhang X should strengthen the technical improvement and strength training of gastrocnemius muscle after pedaling.
【作者单位】：江西师范大学体育学院;上海体育学院研究生处;湖北理工学院体育部;台州学院体育学院;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划(项目编号:2009BAK57B05) 国家体育总局奥运攻关课题(项目编号:2012A022)
【分类号】：R87

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