游泳项目不同训练安排及训练效果的观察

发布时间：2018-12-23 13:24

【摘要】：目的：通过观察两组游泳运动员的不同训练安排及其训练效果,探究训练安排对训练效果的影响。方法：研究对象为A、B两组游泳运动员,各6人,分别隶属于两名教练,每组执行各自的训练计划。观察记录其为期3周的训练安排。训练前后进行50m、100m、200m以及5×200m递增负荷测试,记录成绩和血乳酸值。每周周一以及第四周周一监测Hb、WBC和BU,第一和第四周同时监测T。训练过程禁用营养品,正常饮食。分析训练安排特点、训练前后测试以及监控指标的变化。结果： 1A组训练量逐周递增,除去任意游,平均48540m／周,有、无氧训练分别占87.1%和12.9%。强度主要集中在REC、EN1和EN2,少量EN3、SP3训练,没有SPI、SP2训练。 2A组训练前后的50m、100m和200m以及递增负荷测试的成绩变化不大,没有统计学意义；血乳酸值都降低,有统计学意义。 3A组Hb持续下降,下降了13%；BU先上升后下降,变化幅度不大,都在正常范围内；WBC先下降后上升,并且变化幅度不大；男运动员T下降了12.4%,女运动员下降了36.7%。 4B组训练量逐周递增,除去任意游,平均35200m/周,有、无氧训练分别占91.4%和8.6%,强度主要集中在REC、EN1和EN2,少量EN3、SP1、SP3训练,没有SP2训练。 5B组训练前后的50m、100m和200m以及递增负荷测试的成绩变化都不大,没有统计学意义；血乳酸值都有所降低,100m和200m测试后血乳酸变化有统计学意义,其他没有统计学意义。 6B组Hb先上升后下降,变化幅度不大;BU缓慢上升,变化幅度非常小,并且在正常范围之内;WBC先下降后回升,变化幅度不大,在正常范围之内：T下降,变化幅度不大。结论： 1A组的主要目的足训练运动员的有氧能力,运动员经过三周的训练,无氧能力变化不大,有氧能力有明显提高。通过生理生化监测发现,Hb和T下降幅度偏大。因此,平均48540m／周的训练量对于A组运动员偏大。 2B组的主要目的是训练运动员的有氧能力,运动员经过三周的训练,无氧能力变化不大,有氧能力有所提高,但是幅度不大。通过生理生化监测发现,Hb、WBC、血尿素和血睾酮变化幅度都不大。因此,平均35200m／周的训练量对于B组运动员偏小。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the influence of training arrangement on training effect by observing different training arrangement and training effect of two groups of swimmers. Methods: two groups of swimming athletes, six in each group, were assigned to two coaches, and each group carried out their own training plan. Observe and record the training schedule for 3 weeks. Before and after the training, 50m / 100m / 200m and 5 脳 200m incremental load tests were carried out to record the results and blood lactic acid values. Monitor Hb,WBC and BU, on Monday and week four at the same time. No nutrition during training, normal diet. Analyze the characteristics of training schedule, test before and after training and the change of monitoring index. Results: the training volume of group 1A increased week by week, except for any tour, the average 48540m/ week was 87.1% and 12.9%, respectively. The intensity is mainly concentrated in REC,EN1 and EN2, little EN3,SP3 training, no SPI,SP2 training. Before and after training, the scores of 50m / 100m and 200m and incremental load test in group 2A were not significantly changed, but the blood lactic acid value was decreased, which was statistically significant. In the 3A group, the Hb decreased continuously, 13% of BU increased first and then decreased, the range of change was not significant, the WBC decreased first and then increased, and the range of change was not significant. Male athlete T dropped 12.4m, female athlete dropped 36.7%. 4in group B, the amount of training increased week by week, except for any tour, the average 35200m/ week was 91.4% and 8.6%, respectively. The intensity of training was mainly concentrated in REC,EN1 and EN2, little EN3,SP1,SP3 training, but no SP2 training. 5before and after training, the scores of 50m / 100m, 200m and incremental load test in group B were not significantly changed, but the blood lactic acid values were decreased, the changes of blood lactic acid were statistically significant after 100m and 200m tests, but no statistical significance was found in other tests. In 6B group, Hb increased at first and then decreased, and the range of change was not large; BU rose slowly, and the range of change was very small, and the range of WBC decreased at first, then rose again, the range of change was not big, within the normal range: t decreased, the range of change was not big. Conclusion: the main purpose of group 1A is to train the aerobic capacity of athletes. After three weeks of training, the anaerobic capacity of the athletes has little change, and the aerobic capacity is obviously improved. Physiological and biochemical monitoring showed that the decrease of Hb and T was on the high side. Therefore, the average amount of 48540m/ week training for group A athletes is larger. The main purpose of group 2B is to train the aerobic capacity of athletes. After three weeks of training, the anaerobic capacity of the athletes has little change, but the aerobic capacity has been improved, but the range is not large. By physiological and biochemical monitoring, Hb,WBC, blood urea and testosterone changes were not significant. Therefore, the average 35200m/ week training for group B athletes is small.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R87

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