空间线索和时间线索对于进场启动的影响研究
发布时间：2019-04-13 21:25
【摘要】：黑洞错觉(black hole illusion)是飞行员在进场时常见的一种空间定向障碍(spatial disorientation),是飞行员在进场时未能很好把握空间和时间线索及飞行器与周边环境的等距离线索而造成的一种视性错觉,极其危害飞行安全。在黑洞进场事故中,进场飞行员会认为的感知到错误的深度和径向距离。本研究拟回答2个问题:(1)被试在进场行为启动时如何使用空间-和时间线索;(2)目标进场的速度如何影响进场行为。分为2个试验进行:试验一将进场角度和进场的速度进行控制,考查沿特定方向进场的飞机质点,被试将会何时开始启动降落;试验二将进场高度和进场的速度进行控制,考查对于沿着不同角度进场的飞机质点,被试将会何时开始启动降落。并在此基础上抽象出一个简单的进场模型,探讨被试的时间线索和空间线索知觉估计的情况。结果表示:(1)在固定角度和速度条件下,舰载飞行员进场要依靠空间和时间线索综合考量进场,而不是单一得依靠空间或是时间距离线索;(2)在不同角度和速度条件下,舰载飞行员进场要依靠空间和时间线索综合考量进场,而不是单一得依靠时间或是空间距离线索;(3)不论是哪种角度对于高速移动的目标进场时舰载飞行员倾向于低估着陆和进近时间,反之,对于低速和中速的目标进场时,则倾向于高估着陆和进近时间;(4)进场角度有一个最优角度,并非线性变化,即使是最优角度进场,也会在速度上影响到时间和空间线索的判断。因此,不论角度和速度是否固定,舰载飞行员在进场时需要综合空间和时间线索目标移动的速度会影响舰载飞行员对着陆和进近时间的估计;应提倡仪表和目视结合进场。
[Abstract]:Black hole illusion (black hole illusion) is a kind of spatial orientation obstacle (spatial disorientation), which is common in pilots when entering the field. It is a kind of visual illusion caused by the pilot's failure to grasp the space and time clues and the equal distance clues between the aircraft and the surrounding environment when the pilot enters the field, which is extremely harmful to the flight safety. In the black hole approach accident, the incoming pilot will consider the perception of the wrong depth and radial distance. This study aims to answer two questions: (1) how to use space-and-time cues when the approach behavior is initiated; (2) how the speed of the target approach affects the approach behavior. It is divided into two experiments: the first is to control the angle of approach and the velocity of the approach, to check the particles of the aircraft entering the field in a specific direction, when the subjects will start to land; In the second experiment, the height and velocity of the approach were controlled, and the starting time of the landing was examined for the particles of the aircraft entering the field at different angles. On this basis, a simple approach model is abstracted, and the perceptual estimation of temporal and spatial cues is discussed. The results show that: (1) under the condition of fixed angle and velocity, the carrier pilot has to rely on the space and time clue to enter the field, but not on the space or time distance clue alone; (2) under the conditions of different angles and speeds, the carrier pilots have to rely on the space and time clues to enter the field, but not on the single time or space distance clue. (3) the shipborne pilots tend to underestimate the landing and approaching time for the high-speed moving target at any angle, but overestimate the landing and approaching time for the low-speed and medium-speed targets. (4) the approach angle has an optimal angle, which is not a linear change. Even the optimal angle approach will affect the judgment of temporal and spatial cues in terms of velocity. Therefore, regardless of whether the angle and velocity are fixed or not, the velocity of the target moving in the integrated space and time leads will affect the estimation of the landing and approaching time of the shipborne pilots, and the combination of instrumentation and visual approach should be advocated.
【作者单位】： 陕西师范大学心理学院陕西省行为与认知神经科学重点实验室;河北省衡水第一中学;
【分类号】：R85
本文编号：2457960
[Abstract]:Black hole illusion (black hole illusion) is a kind of spatial orientation obstacle (spatial disorientation), which is common in pilots when entering the field. It is a kind of visual illusion caused by the pilot's failure to grasp the space and time clues and the equal distance clues between the aircraft and the surrounding environment when the pilot enters the field, which is extremely harmful to the flight safety. In the black hole approach accident, the incoming pilot will consider the perception of the wrong depth and radial distance. This study aims to answer two questions: (1) how to use space-and-time cues when the approach behavior is initiated; (2) how the speed of the target approach affects the approach behavior. It is divided into two experiments: the first is to control the angle of approach and the velocity of the approach, to check the particles of the aircraft entering the field in a specific direction, when the subjects will start to land; In the second experiment, the height and velocity of the approach were controlled, and the starting time of the landing was examined for the particles of the aircraft entering the field at different angles. On this basis, a simple approach model is abstracted, and the perceptual estimation of temporal and spatial cues is discussed. The results show that: (1) under the condition of fixed angle and velocity, the carrier pilot has to rely on the space and time clue to enter the field, but not on the space or time distance clue alone; (2) under the conditions of different angles and speeds, the carrier pilots have to rely on the space and time clues to enter the field, but not on the single time or space distance clue. (3) the shipborne pilots tend to underestimate the landing and approaching time for the high-speed moving target at any angle, but overestimate the landing and approaching time for the low-speed and medium-speed targets. (4) the approach angle has an optimal angle, which is not a linear change. Even the optimal angle approach will affect the judgment of temporal and spatial cues in terms of velocity. Therefore, regardless of whether the angle and velocity are fixed or not, the velocity of the target moving in the integrated space and time leads will affect the estimation of the landing and approaching time of the shipborne pilots, and the combination of instrumentation and visual approach should be advocated.
【作者单位】： 陕西师范大学心理学院陕西省行为与认知神经科学重点实验室;河北省衡水第一中学;
【分类号】：R85
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