下肢本体感觉和神经肌肉控制的性别差异的研究
发布时间：2019-06-20 01:54
【摘要】：研究背景和目的 研究发现在同类型运动项目中，相同运动训练水平的运动员中，女性下肢膝、踝关节的损伤率是男性的2-8倍，而神经肌肉控制能力下降与运动损伤密切相关。神经肌肉控制涉及本体感觉、中枢和神经肌肉的功能等因素。其中,本体感觉和神经肌肉控制对于维持身体的姿势及关节的稳定性起着极为重要的作用，并和运动损伤的发生紧密相关。基于男女损伤率的差异，研究男女在神经肌肉控制上的差异已受到国际运动生物力学和运动医学研究者的日益关注。迄今为止,有关本体感觉和神经肌肉控制的性别差异的研究仍很欠缺。所以，我们有必要对本体感觉和和神经肌肉控制的性别差异进行研究。因此，本研究的目的是研究下肢本体感觉和神经肌肉控制是否存在性别差异，并结合女性月经周期变化的研究，探讨性别之间可能存在差异的原因。同时，通过对女性月经周期不同阶段本体感觉和神经肌肉控制的比较，探讨本体感觉和神经肌肉控制随月经周期变化的规律。这项研究的结果将会帮助我们了解本体感觉和神经肌肉控制的性别差异，增强我们对运动损伤的性别差异机制的认识，从而使我们能够更好地预防和治疗运动损伤。 研究方法 男、女各12名无规律运动锻炼习惯的健康青年大学生自愿参与本研究。追踪女性受试者3个月基础体温，结合排卵试纸的使用，对女性受试者排卵期进行粗筛，采集受试者血液，根据雌激素和孕激素水平的变化划分月经周期的各个时期。性别差异比较部分：分别记录男子组和女子组（月经周期的不同阶段）的下列测量指标，，并进行比较。测试指标包括：1）形态学测量：身高、体重、体重身高指数（Body mass index, BMI）；2）下肢膝、踝关节本体感觉测试（参数：优势侧膝、踝关节被动运动阈值,即膝、踝关节可感知的最小运动角度及方向）；3）下肢神经肌肉协调性测试（参数：由方跃测试决定的单位时间内单腿跳进方框时的次数）；4）下肢神经肌肉反应时测试（参数：优势侧胫骨前肌、腓肠肌、股直肌、半腱肌和臀大肌神经肌肉反应时间）；5）下肢膝踝关节肌肉力量测试（参数：膝，踝关节屈、伸肌肉力量力矩峰值）。应用独立样本t检验决定男女组间上述测试指标是否存在显著性差异。重复性方差测量用于检验女子组在月经周期不同阶段中上述测试指标是否存在显著性差异，显著性标准为P0.05。 研究结果 （1）性别差异部分——男子组与女子组处于月经周期不同阶段本体感觉及神经肌肉功能的比较： 1)膝、踝关节本体感觉研究：在女子组卵泡期，在膝、踝关节本体感觉的比较上，男子组与女子组之间没有表现出显著性差异；在女子组排卵期，女子组膝关节和踝关节本体感觉均较男子组灵敏，且具有显著性差异（P0.05，其中踝关节背屈P0.01）；黄体期女子组膝关节和踝关节本体感觉均较男子组灵敏，且具有显著性差异（P0.05），其中膝关节伸、踝关节跖屈和背屈差异尤为显著（P0.01）。 2)下肢神经肌肉协调性研究：在女子组卵泡期方跃测试比较中，男子组与女子组之间没有表现出显著性差异；排卵期女子组完成方跃测试的数值显著大于男子组(P0.01)；女子组在黄体期完成方跃测试的数值显著大于男子组(P0.01)。 3)下肢神经肌肉反应时间研究：在女子组卵泡期，突发向前干扰时，男子组所有被测试的下肢肌肉的神经肌肉反应时间显著短于女子组（P0.05），突发向后干扰时，男子组所有测试下肢的肌肉神经肌肉反应时间显著短于女子组（P0.05）；排卵期，突发向前干扰时，男子组胫骨前肌，股直肌，半腱肌神经肌肉反应时间短于女子组，且具有显著性（P0.05）；突发向后干扰时，男子组股直肌和臀大肌神经肌肉反应时间均短于女子组，且具有显著性（P0.05）；黄体期，突发向前干扰时，男子组胫骨前肌神经肌肉反应时间显著短于女子组（P0.05）；突发向后干扰时，男子组腓肠肌、股直肌、半腱肌和臀大肌神经肌肉反应时间均显著短于女子组（P0.05）。 4)膝、踝关节肌肉力量研究：男子组膝，踝关节各角度等动肌力相对峰力矩均大于女子组在各月经周期的测试值，且差异尤为明显(P0.01)。 （2）女子组内比较 1）膝、踝关节本体感觉研究：与月经周期其他阶段比较，女子组黄体期在膝、踝关节除屈膝外的各个方向上有着更好的本体感觉，且具有显著性（P0.05）。同时，在其排卵期，在踝关节背屈方向上，其感觉的角度明显小于卵泡期（P0.05）。 2）下肢神经肌肉协调性研究：黄体期方跃测试的次数显著大于卵泡期和排卵期（P0.05）。 3）下肢神经肌肉反应时研究：突发向前干扰和向后干扰时，下肢所有被测肌肉的神经肌肉反应时间在女性月经周期各个阶段之间均没表现出显著性差异。 4）膝、踝关节肌肉力量研究：在膝关节180°屈时女子组黄体期的等动肌力相对峰力矩显著大于其他两个阶段（P0.05），卵泡期踝关节120°伸等动肌力相对峰力矩显著大于排卵期（P0.05）。 研究结论 1）在男子组与女子组处于月经周期不同阶段的比较中，女性处于卵泡期本体感觉和神经肌肉协调性的比较，男女之间没有表现出显著的性别差异；在与女性排卵期和黄体期进行比较时，男子组的本体感觉和神经肌肉协调性较差；在与女性月经周期各个阶段的神经肌肉反应时间比较时，男子组的时间均短于女子组，并且膝、踝关节肌肉力量测试结果显著大于女子组。上述结果说明本体感觉和神经肌肉控制功能存在性别差异，并且女性的本体感觉和神经肌肉控制功能受月经周期的影响。 2）女子组内月经周期不同阶段中，各项测试结果表明黄体期本体感觉和神经肌肉协调性功能较其他两个阶段存在显著优势，进而说明黄体期女性会有较好的姿势控制能力。
[Abstract]:Study Background and Purpose The study found that in the same type of exercise program, the injury rate of the lower limb and the ankle of the female was 2-8 times of that of the male, while the decrease of the control of the neuromuscular control was closely related to the sports injury. Off. Neuromuscular control involves proprioception, central and neuromuscular functions, etc. in which, proprioceptive and neuromuscular control plays a very important role in maintaining the posture of the body and the stability of the joint, and is in close contact with the occurrence of motion damage On the basis of the difference of the male and female injury rate, the difference of the male and female on the control of the neuromuscular control has been increasingly close by the international sports biomechanics and the motion medical researchers. Note. To date, studies on gender differences in proprioception and neuromuscular control are still under way Therefore, it is necessary to study the gender differences in the sense of the proprioception and the control of the nerve muscle. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to study whether there is a gender difference in the sensory and neuromuscular control of the lower limbs, and to study the differences between the sexes in the study of the change in the menstrual cycle of the female. In that meantime, the sense of proprioception and the regulation of the neuromuscular control over the menstrual cycle are discussed by the comparison of proprioceptive and neuromuscular control at different stages of the menstrual cycle of the female. The results of this study will help us to understand the gender differences in the sense of the body and the control of the neuromuscular control, and to enhance our understanding of the mechanism of gender differences in sports, so that we can better prevent and treat sports losses. I'm sorry. The study method of 12 healthy young college students who have no regular exercise habits Participation in this study. Follow the use of 3-month basal body temperature of female subjects, combined with the use of ovulatory test strips, conduct a coarse screen for female subjects, collect the subject's blood, and divide the menstrual cycle according to the changes in the levels of estrogen and progestin the sex difference comparison part: respectively record the following measurement indexes of the male sub-group and the female sub-group (different stages of the menstrual cycle), and compared. The test index includes:1) morphological measurement: height, body weight, body mass index (BMI);2) the sensory test of the lower limb knee and the ankle joint body (parameters: the dominant side knee and the ankle joint passive motion threshold, that is, the minimum movement angle that the knee and the ankle can perceive and direction);3) Neuromuscular coordination test of lower limbs (parameters: the number of times when the single-leg jumps into the box by the unit time determined by the square-jump test);4) the test of the lower limb nerve-muscle response (parameters: the superior side of the anterior tibial muscle, the gastrocnemius, Muscle, quadriceps, semitendinosus, and gluteus maximus nerve muscle response time);5) Knee and ankle joint muscle strength test (parameters: knee, ankle flexion, extensor muscle strength Torque peak). Use the independent sample t test to determine the presence of the above test indicators between the male and female groups The repeatability variance measurement is used to test whether there is a significant difference in the test indexes of the female subgroup in different stages of the menstrual cycle, and the significance standard is P0.0 5. The results of the study (1) The gender-difference part _ male subgroup and the female sub-group are at different stages of the menstrual cycle. The comparison of the function of the neuromuscular:1) the feeling of the body of the knee and the ankle: in the follicular phase of the female subgroup, in the knee, There was no significant difference between the male sub-group and the female subgroup on the comparison of the body sensation of the ankle joint. Ankle dorsiflexion of the ankle (P 0.01); the sensation of the knee joint and the body of the ankle joint was more sensitive than that of the male group, and there was a significant difference (P0.05), in which the difference between the knee extension, the flexion of the ankle joint and the dorsiflexion of the ankle joint Especially significant (P0.01).2) Study on the coordination of lower limb neuromuscular coordination: There was no significant difference between the male and the female sub-groups in the comparison of the follicular phase of the female group, and the number of the female sub-groups in the ovulatory period completed the square jump test. It is more than that of the male sub-group (P0.01), and the numerical value of the female sub-group in the completion of the square-jump test in the time period is significant. The study of the reaction time of the lower limb of the lower limb of the lower limb of the lower limb of the lower limb was higher than that of the male sub-group (P0.01). The reaction time of all the tested lower limbs of the male subgroup was significantly shorter than that of the female subgroup during the follicular phase of the female subgroup and the sudden forward disturbance. (P0.05). The reaction time of the muscle of all the test lower limbs of the male subgroup was significantly shorter than that of the female subgroup (P0.05). (P0.05). The reaction time of the anterior and gluteal muscle of the male sub-group was shorter than that of the female subgroup at the time of burst-to-back interference (P <0.05). The reaction time of the anterior and posterior muscle of the male subgroup was significantly shorter than that of the female subgroup (P0.05). ; after burst-to-back interference, the reaction time of the gastrocnemius of the male subgroup, the rectus femoris, the semitendinosus and the gluteal muscle of the gluteal muscle It is significantly shorter than that of the female subgroup (P0.05).4) The muscle strength of the knee and the ankle joint is studied: the relative peak moment of each angle of the male subgroup and the ankle joint is greater than that of the female subgroup during the menstrual cycle The test value, and the difference is especially clear (P 0.01). (2) The feeling of the knee and ankle in the women's sub-group: compared with the other stages of the menstrual cycle, the female sub-group is in the knee and the ankle joint in all directions except the knee. better proprioception and significant (P0.05). At the same time, in the ovulatory phase, in the back-flexion of the ankle joint, The sensory angle of the lower limb is obviously lower than that of the follicular phase (P0.05).2) Research on the coordination of the lower limbs' nerves and muscles: the transition period The number of the tests was significantly greater than that of the follicular phase and the ovulation period (P0.05).3) The neuromuscular response of all the tested muscles of the lower limb was studied at the time of a sudden forward disturbance and a backward disturbance. There was no significant difference in the time between the various stages of the female's menstrual cycle.4) The muscle strength of the knee and the ankle joint: the relative peak moment of the isokinetic muscle strength of the female subgroup was significantly higher than that of the other two stages (P0.05) at the time of 180 掳 flexion of the knee joint, and the ankle joint of the follicular phase 1 20 掳 extension The relative peak moment of isokinetic muscle strength was significantly higher than that in the ovulatory period (P0.05). (1) In the comparison of the different stages of the menstrual cycle between the male and female sub-groups, the female was in the body sensation of the follicular phase and the coordination of the neuromuscular coordination, and the male and female There was no significant gender difference between the male and female sub-groups when compared to the female ovulation and the luteal phase; the male sub-group, when compared with the neuromuscular reaction times in the various stages of the female menstrual cycle, The results show that the proprioceptive and neuromuscular control functions exist. sex differences, and the proprioceptive and neuromuscular control functions of women are affected by the menstrual cycle. In the different stages of the menstrual cycle in the women's sub-group, the test results show that the sensory and neuromuscular coordination function of the body is less
【学位授予单位】：天津体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G804.2
[Abstract]:Study Background and Purpose The study found that in the same type of exercise program, the injury rate of the lower limb and the ankle of the female was 2-8 times of that of the male, while the decrease of the control of the neuromuscular control was closely related to the sports injury. Off. Neuromuscular control involves proprioception, central and neuromuscular functions, etc. in which, proprioceptive and neuromuscular control plays a very important role in maintaining the posture of the body and the stability of the joint, and is in close contact with the occurrence of motion damage On the basis of the difference of the male and female injury rate, the difference of the male and female on the control of the neuromuscular control has been increasingly close by the international sports biomechanics and the motion medical researchers. Note. To date, studies on gender differences in proprioception and neuromuscular control are still under way Therefore, it is necessary to study the gender differences in the sense of the proprioception and the control of the nerve muscle. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to study whether there is a gender difference in the sensory and neuromuscular control of the lower limbs, and to study the differences between the sexes in the study of the change in the menstrual cycle of the female. In that meantime, the sense of proprioception and the regulation of the neuromuscular control over the menstrual cycle are discussed by the comparison of proprioceptive and neuromuscular control at different stages of the menstrual cycle of the female. The results of this study will help us to understand the gender differences in the sense of the body and the control of the neuromuscular control, and to enhance our understanding of the mechanism of gender differences in sports, so that we can better prevent and treat sports losses. I'm sorry. The study method of 12 healthy young college students who have no regular exercise habits Participation in this study. Follow the use of 3-month basal body temperature of female subjects, combined with the use of ovulatory test strips, conduct a coarse screen for female subjects, collect the subject's blood, and divide the menstrual cycle according to the changes in the levels of estrogen and progestin the sex difference comparison part: respectively record the following measurement indexes of the male sub-group and the female sub-group (different stages of the menstrual cycle), and compared. The test index includes:1) morphological measurement: height, body weight, body mass index (BMI);2) the sensory test of the lower limb knee and the ankle joint body (parameters: the dominant side knee and the ankle joint passive motion threshold, that is, the minimum movement angle that the knee and the ankle can perceive and direction);3) Neuromuscular coordination test of lower limbs (parameters: the number of times when the single-leg jumps into the box by the unit time determined by the square-jump test);4) the test of the lower limb nerve-muscle response (parameters: the superior side of the anterior tibial muscle, the gastrocnemius, Muscle, quadriceps, semitendinosus, and gluteus maximus nerve muscle response time);5) Knee and ankle joint muscle strength test (parameters: knee, ankle flexion, extensor muscle strength Torque peak). Use the independent sample t test to determine the presence of the above test indicators between the male and female groups The repeatability variance measurement is used to test whether there is a significant difference in the test indexes of the female subgroup in different stages of the menstrual cycle, and the significance standard is P0.0 5. The results of the study (1) The gender-difference part _ male subgroup and the female sub-group are at different stages of the menstrual cycle. The comparison of the function of the neuromuscular:1) the feeling of the body of the knee and the ankle: in the follicular phase of the female subgroup, in the knee, There was no significant difference between the male sub-group and the female subgroup on the comparison of the body sensation of the ankle joint. Ankle dorsiflexion of the ankle (P 0.01); the sensation of the knee joint and the body of the ankle joint was more sensitive than that of the male group, and there was a significant difference (P0.05), in which the difference between the knee extension, the flexion of the ankle joint and the dorsiflexion of the ankle joint Especially significant (P0.01).2) Study on the coordination of lower limb neuromuscular coordination: There was no significant difference between the male and the female sub-groups in the comparison of the follicular phase of the female group, and the number of the female sub-groups in the ovulatory period completed the square jump test. It is more than that of the male sub-group (P0.01), and the numerical value of the female sub-group in the completion of the square-jump test in the time period is significant. The study of the reaction time of the lower limb of the lower limb of the lower limb of the lower limb of the lower limb was higher than that of the male sub-group (P0.01). The reaction time of all the tested lower limbs of the male subgroup was significantly shorter than that of the female subgroup during the follicular phase of the female subgroup and the sudden forward disturbance. (P0.05). The reaction time of the muscle of all the test lower limbs of the male subgroup was significantly shorter than that of the female subgroup (P0.05). (P0.05). The reaction time of the anterior and gluteal muscle of the male sub-group was shorter than that of the female subgroup at the time of burst-to-back interference (P <0.05). The reaction time of the anterior and posterior muscle of the male subgroup was significantly shorter than that of the female subgroup (P0.05). ; after burst-to-back interference, the reaction time of the gastrocnemius of the male subgroup, the rectus femoris, the semitendinosus and the gluteal muscle of the gluteal muscle It is significantly shorter than that of the female subgroup (P0.05).4) The muscle strength of the knee and the ankle joint is studied: the relative peak moment of each angle of the male subgroup and the ankle joint is greater than that of the female subgroup during the menstrual cycle The test value, and the difference is especially clear (P 0.01). (2) The feeling of the knee and ankle in the women's sub-group: compared with the other stages of the menstrual cycle, the female sub-group is in the knee and the ankle joint in all directions except the knee. better proprioception and significant (P0.05). At the same time, in the ovulatory phase, in the back-flexion of the ankle joint, The sensory angle of the lower limb is obviously lower than that of the follicular phase (P0.05).2) Research on the coordination of the lower limbs' nerves and muscles: the transition period The number of the tests was significantly greater than that of the follicular phase and the ovulation period (P0.05).3) The neuromuscular response of all the tested muscles of the lower limb was studied at the time of a sudden forward disturbance and a backward disturbance. There was no significant difference in the time between the various stages of the female's menstrual cycle.4) The muscle strength of the knee and the ankle joint: the relative peak moment of the isokinetic muscle strength of the female subgroup was significantly higher than that of the other two stages (P0.05) at the time of 180 掳 flexion of the knee joint, and the ankle joint of the follicular phase 1 20 掳 extension The relative peak moment of isokinetic muscle strength was significantly higher than that in the ovulatory period (P0.05). (1) In the comparison of the different stages of the menstrual cycle between the male and female sub-groups, the female was in the body sensation of the follicular phase and the coordination of the neuromuscular coordination, and the male and female There was no significant gender difference between the male and female sub-groups when compared to the female ovulation and the luteal phase; the male sub-group, when compared with the neuromuscular reaction times in the various stages of the female menstrual cycle, The results show that the proprioceptive and neuromuscular control functions exist. sex differences, and the proprioceptive and neuromuscular control functions of women are affected by the menstrual cycle. In the different stages of the menstrual cycle in the women's sub-group, the test results show that the sensory and neuromuscular coordination function of the body is less
【学位授予单位】：天津体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G804.2
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