基于飞机拦阻降落的人体冲击动力学响应分析与研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 19:41

本文选题：人体上身　切入点：拦阻降落　出处：《天津科技大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在第二次世界大战诸多重要海上战役中航母展现出了强大的作战威力,因此取得了“海战主力”的宝座。二战后的局部战争中航母也起着举足轻重的作用。航母之所以成为海战主力,关键在于其特有的武器装备——舰载机。舰载机着舰需要拦阻装置使其能够在最短的时间内降落停止,因此着舰过程被认为是极其危险的环节。舰载机在阻拦着舰的瞬间其尾钩通过拦阻索障碍,产生强大的冲击力使得飞行员受到非线性变化的加速度载荷。从而对飞行员造成严重的身体损伤,尤其是躯干和头颈部等。据统计约有70%的舰载机飞行员有头颈部损伤,并因此而导致平均3个飞行日的停飞,造成严重的经济损失且影响正常飞行训练。随着计算机的广泛应用,生物力学研究过程中最常用便捷的方法为有限元模型仿真法。针对飞机拦阻降落中飞行员易于受伤的现状,本论文以飞行员为研究对象。选定身高为175cm,体重为65kg的男性志愿者为建模素材,通过对其进行螺旋CT扫描生成后续建立有限元模型的图像数据。应用Mimics进行图像可视化、Geomagic软件进行模型优化及曲面片划分、TrueGrid进行网格划分得到有限元模型。模型建立了人体上身组织及简易座椅,人体组织包括了颅骨、大脑组织、颈椎、锁骨、肩胛骨、胸椎、肋骨、肋软骨、椎间盘、胸骨及重要肌肉及其韧带。整体模型共有161669个节点、113930个单元,主要采用六面体单元和索单元进行描述。应用日本机动车研究所(JARI)的志愿者后碰撞试验数据在LS-DYNA中进行冲击动力学仿真,得出的仿真结果与试验结果基本相符,从而验证了有限元模型的有效性。应用有效的有限元模型,对飞机降落拦阻过程中人体受到的冲击进行动力学仿真得到人体各组织的动力学响应参数。对其分析研究得出全部椎骨中胸椎T1的受力最大,颈椎C1的应变最大,容易产生损伤；胸部各组织结构中,锁骨及其第三肋骨极易产生骨折；椎间盘中C7-T1之间椎间盘的应力应变最大,容易产生椎间盘突出损伤。根据仿真结果结合现有的医学临床成果对飞行员进行损伤预测和分析,给出了一些有效的降低飞行员损伤的防护措施。
[Abstract]:Aircraft carriers have shown great operational power in many important naval campaigns in World War II. The aircraft carrier also played an important role in the local war after the second World War. The aircraft carrier became the main force of the naval battle. The key lies in its unique weapon equipment-the carrier aircraft. The landing of the carrier aircraft requires an arresting device to enable it to land and stop in the shortest possible time. So the landing process is considered an extremely dangerous part. The aircraft's tail hook passes through the cable barrier at the moment of the ship's landing. A strong impact force causes the pilot to be subjected to a nonlinear variable acceleration load, which causes serious physical damage to the pilot, especially the trunk and head and neck. According to statistics, about 70% of the pilots of the shipborne aircraft have head and neck injuries. As a result, an average of three flight days were grounded, causing serious economic losses and affecting normal flight training. The most common and convenient method in biomechanics research is finite element model simulation. In this paper, the pilot was chosen as the research object. Male volunteers with height of 175 cm and weight of 65 kg were selected as modeling materials. The image data of the finite element model was generated by spiral CT scanning, the model was optimized by using the Mimics software and the model was meshed by the surface slice division. The finite element model was obtained. The upper body tissue of the human body and the simple seat have been built. The human body consists of skull, brain tissue, cervical vertebra, clavicle, scapula, thoracic vertebra, rib, costal cartilage, intervertebral disc, sternum and important muscles and ligaments. In this paper, the hexahedron element and cable element are used to describe the impact dynamics of the volunteers in LS-DYNA. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The validity of the finite element model is verified. The dynamic response parameters of various human tissues were obtained by dynamic simulation of the impact on the human body during the landing and stopping process of the aircraft. The results of analysis and study showed that the stress of the thoracic vertebrae T1 was the largest, and the strain of the cervical spine C1 was the largest in all the vertebrae. Easily damaged; the clavicle and its third rib are prone to fracture in the various structures of the chest; the intervertebral disc between C7-T1 is the most stress-strain. It is easy to cause disc herniation injury. According to the simulation results and the existing medical clinical results, the damage prediction and analysis of pilots are carried out, and some effective protective measures to reduce the pilots' injury are given.
【学位授予单位】：天津科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：E926.392;R85

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