心理运动能力在民航飞行员选拔中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 17:18

本文选题：心理运动能力　切入点：仪器测试　出处：《第四军医大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：飞行员因其职业的特殊性，从而在选拔过程中对候选者有诸多要求，长期以来的主要表现是严格的身体检查。近年来，随着飞机的智能化和自动化，飞行员的体检要求有所放宽；同时相关调查显示当前民航事故中有3/4和人为因素有关，人们对飞行员选拔的关注点开始转至心理方面。对飞行员候选者进行相应的心理选拔，可以考察他们是否具有飞行员所需的各项心理特征，有助于将不适合飞行活动的个体提前排除在行业之外，减少未来飞行事故发生的几率，减少由于飞行员因不适合飞行活动或高强度训练而被淘汰所造成的培训费用浪费。目前，我国民航飞行员心理选拔工作主要是对候选者进行人格和基本能力测试，大多数采用纸笔测验的形式，而对其飞行特殊能力的考察和检测重视不够。国内外学者认为仪器检测方法精度高，是公认的准确、可靠的测试手段，是未来飞行人员心理选拔的发展方向，可以对心理运动能力做出客观评价。本研究的目的是编制一套计算机化的心理运动能力测验系统，且采用仪器检测的方法，以实现心理选拔过程的标准化和客观化。该系统共含有3个心理运动能力测试程序，包括单任务、双任务和多任务3种检测模式，单手操作和双手操作两种操作方式。本研究分为两大部分：第一部分：心理运动能力检测系统的编制。采用查阅文献法、专家判断法以及问卷调查法，紧扣心理运动能力的操作定义，，编制相应程序；并依据心理测量学的原理和实际要求，对程序的信效度进行检验；第二部分：使用心理运动能力检测系统对不同人群进行检测，其中包括应聘大学生、飞行学员和现役飞行员，验证测验项目的信效度和区分度，以确定此心理运动能力测验是否适合我国民航航空公司招飞工作的实际需求。通过研究分析得出如下结论：（1）心理运动能力测验各项目的难度适宜，鉴别指数高；（2）心理运动能力测验各项目的信效度良好，可以应用于飞行员心理选拔；（3）为了更加客观全面的对每个应聘者做出评估和判断，提出了心理运动能力测验总分的计算公式。
[Abstract]:Because of the particularity of their profession, pilots have many requirements for candidates in the selection process. The main manifestation for a long time is strict physical examination. In recent years, with the intelligence and automation of aircraft, The requirements for pilots' physical examination have been relaxed, and related investigations show that 3/4 of the current civil aviation accidents are related to human factors, and people's focus on the selection of pilots has shifted to the psychological aspect. The corresponding psychological selection of pilot candidates can examine whether they have the psychological characteristics required by pilots and help them exclude individuals who are not suitable for flight activities from the industry ahead of time. Reduce the probability of future flight accidents and reduce the waste of training cost caused by pilots being eliminated because they are not suitable for flight activities or high intensity training. At present, the psychological selection of civil aviation pilots in China is mainly to test the candidates' personality and basic abilities, most of which are in the form of paper and pen tests. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the inspection and detection of its special flight capability. Domestic and foreign scholars believe that the instrument detection method is highly accurate, is recognized as an accurate and reliable means of testing, and is the developing direction of psychological selection of pilots in the future. Can make the objective appraisal to the psychology movement ability. The purpose of this study is to compile a computerized psychomotor ability test system, and to realize the standardization and objectivity of the psychological selection process by means of instrument testing. The system consists of three psychomotor ability testing programs. Including single task, double task and multi-task detection mode, one-handed operation and two-handed operation mode. This study is divided into two parts:. The first part: the establishment of the psychomotor ability testing system. By consulting literature, expert judgment and questionnaire survey, the operating definition of psychological motor ability is closely followed, and the corresponding program is compiled. The reliability and validity of the program were tested according to the principles and practical requirements of psychometrics. The second part: using the psychomotor ability test system to test different groups of people, including college students, flight cadets and active pilots, to verify the reliability, validity and distinction of the test items. In order to determine whether this psychomotor ability test is suitable for the actual needs of civil aviation companies in our country. The conclusions are as follows:. 1) the difficulty of each item of psychomotor ability test is suitable and the discrimination index is high; 2) the reliability and validity of the psychomotor ability test are good, which can be applied to the psychological selection of pilots; 3) in order to evaluate and judge each candidate objectively and comprehensively, a formula for calculating the total score of psychomotor ability test is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：第四军医大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R851.3;B848

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