作战人员战现场战伤急救培训标准及技术方法的建立

发布时间：2018-03-18 01:08

本文选题：作战人员　切入点：战现场急救　出处：《第三军医大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现代战争条件下,随着武器威力的改进、救治水平的提高和单兵防具的加强等多种因素的相互角力,战伤总体死亡率呈现一定的下降趋势,但仍有进一步优化减少的空间。战现场阵亡作为战斗伤亡最主要的组成部分,约占战伤总体死亡率的90%,是战伤救治的核心;阵亡人员组成中仍有15%~25%的伤员可通过在战现场进行及时有效的救治挽回生命,被称为“潜在存活者”,主要致死原因为大出血、气道堵塞和气胸。而作战人员(特指没有医学专业学习背景的战现场参战人员)往往是战伤伤员的第一发现者,他们掌握一定的战伤急救技能并在战现场进行施救,可进一步提升战伤救治的成功率。本研究根据现代战争中战伤流行病学特点,分析作战人员战现场战伤急救的需求情况,并结合外军针对作战人员战伤救治技术培训的最新进展,及我军自身发展情况,研发作战人员战现场战伤急救培训模具,建立作战人员战现场战伤急救培训标准和技术方法。主要从以下两个部分进行阐述:第一部分,以现代战争中战伤流行病学特点为出发点,分析战现场阶段战伤急救的需求,以潜在可存活者为救治重点,并制定我军作战人员战现场急救技术清单如下:1.着重强调战现场对“大出血、气道堵塞和气胸”等三项伤情的急救处置;2.战现场判断休克的方法;3.预防低体温;4.使用硬质眼罩保护眼睛;5.使用口服抗生素和止痛药;6.使用夹板固定长骨骨折;7.烧伤创面的包扎;8.伤员搬运技术;9.组织后送和战斗应激预防(指挥员)。第二部分,根据当前战救培训的研究进展,结合我军作战人员战现场战伤急救培训现状,编写培训教材以明确培训标准——《作战人员战现场急救培训教学实施和考核标准》,并研发相配套的可穿戴式战现场战伤急救训练系列模具,且在解放军陆军军官学院进行试点工作。
[Abstract]:Under the conditions of modern war, with the improvement of weapon power, the improvement of the level of treatment and the mutual struggle of various factors, such as the strengthening of individual armor, the overall mortality rate of war injuries has shown a certain downward trend. However, there is still room for further optimization and reduction. As the most important component of combat casualties, the war site killed in action accounts for about 90 percent of the total death rate of war wounds, which is the core of the treatment of war wounds. Among the dead, 15% or 25% of the wounded can save their lives through timely and effective treatment at the scene of the war. They are called "potential survivors." the main cause of death is massive bleeding. Airway blockage and pneumothorax. Combat personnel (especially those who have no background in medical studies) are often the first discoverers of the wounded. They have certain skills of first aid and perform rescue at the scene of the war. According to the epidemiological characteristics of war injury in modern war, the requirement of first aid for combat personnel in battle field is analyzed. In combination with the latest progress in the training of combat wound treatment techniques for combat personnel in foreign troops, and the development of our army itself, we have developed training tools for the first aid of war wounds on the battlefield for combat personnel. To establish the training standard and technical method of combat personnel first aid in war field. The following two parts are discussed: the first part, based on the epidemiological characteristics of war wound in modern war, the requirement of first aid in war field is analyzed. Focus on the treatment of potential survivors, and draw up a list of emergency rescue techniques for our army's combatants on the battlefield as follows: 1.The emphasis is on the "massive bleeding" caused by the war scene. Emergency treatment of airway obstruction and pneumothorax 2. The method of judging shock in the field 3. Prevention of hypothermia 4. Using hard eye mask to protect eyes. 5. Using oral antibiotics and painkiller 6. Fixing long bone fracture with splint. Wound dressing of Burn wounds. Wound handling techniques. Tissue evacuation and Combat stress Prevention (Commander). Part II, According to the research progress of the current war rescue training, combined with the current situation of the first aid training for our army's combat personnel on the battlefield, To compile training materials to make clear the training standard-"training standards for first aid training of combat personnel on site", and to develop wearable first aid training models for war field combat injuries. And in the PLA Army officers Academy pilot work.
【学位授予单位】：第三军医大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R82

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