军事医学本体构建的理论与方法研究

发布时间：2018-06-11 10:15

  本文选题：军事医学 + 本体　； 参考：《中国人民解放军军事医学科学院》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：军事医学是维护、恢复和促进军人健康,从而实现保护、再生和提高战斗力目的的特种医学。军事医学起源于战争的需求,以一般医学为基础,将其科学技术运用于军事活动。随着科技进步和生物医学的发展,新兴学科不断交叉融合;同时,武器装备和军事战略的发展变化又不断提出医学保障新问题和卫生勤务新需要,使得军事医学学科发展越来越壮大、越来越具特殊性。军事医学以一般医学学科为基础,其包含的关于生命、健康、疾病、损伤等领域的生理、病理基础理论是军事医学知识重要组成部分,在此基础上发展的损伤修复机制、作业生理和调控因子以及卫生勤务理论是军事医学的坚实基础。军事医学知识除了沿着医学向纵深方向发展探索外,还向着军事科学知识横向拓展,军事医学领域的特殊需求使得军事医学展现出不同于一般医学的某些特征,从而丰富了军事医学知识体系。军事医学知识系统是一个要素多元、属性多维、形态多态、线性作用与非线性作用并存的复杂系统。传统的知识组织方式如分类法、主题词表等多是一维的,难以揭示军事医学多维复杂的知识体系。因此需要运用更加科学的方式和更先进的技术组织军事医学信息,并实现计算机获取和理解,实现知识表示,再从中提取人们所需要的军事医学知识,从而形成一个真正意义上的完整的知识管理系统。本体(ontology)起源于哲学,20世纪90年代被引入到知识工程领域。它包含领域的核心知识,从语义和知识层面对领域概念进行描述,建立概念模型框架。本体能够发掘领域内隐含的或不明确的知识,促进领域知识的共享和重用,因此本体作为一种知识组织方式越来越受到重视。基于本体方法,根据军事医学学科知识特点,设计知识的分类体系,准确刻画概念之间的关系,能够充分展示军事医学包含的知识点及其内在关联关系,支持多维度、可视化、动态地组织军事医学知识和信息资源,促进军事医学知识交互和分析利用。本研究在广泛调研国内外本体相关文献的基础上,全面研究了本体相关概念、方法、语言和工具,梳理并选取了适合军事医学本体构建的方法和工具。调研了国内外典型通用本体和生物医学本体,为军事医学本体构建提供了借鉴。根据军事医学的医学知识属性,经过分析比较选取了一体化医学语言系统(UMLS)作为可以复用的本体,提高了军事医学本体构建的效率。详细分析并理清了军事医学本体构建相关的理论和方法,提出了一套可行的军事医学本体构建技术路径,最后以军事医学顶层本体构建为落脚点,对军事医学本体构建进行了示范研究及论证。本论文的重点研究内容和结论分为以下四个部分。第一部分,本体研究理论和实践基础的情报调研。重点梳理了本体的起源、概念内涵及分类,比较了7种本体构建方法,3种本体表示语言,分析了本体构建工具的使用标准,为军事医学本体构建提供了理论和技术支撑。探析了3种典型通用顶层本体、4种国外典型生物医学本体和2种国内典型生物医学本体,比较并分析了它们的成功经验,为本体复用奠定基础。第二部分,军事医学本体构建的理论探讨。首先比较了通用顶层本体、一般医学本体和军事医学本体之间的关系,理清了军事医学本体构建的相关概念。然后阐述了军事医学本体构建的必要性,并详细分析了目前军事医学术语标准的现状,对比分析了4类术语标准,总结了其存在的问题。最后从军事医学学科知识复杂性、军事医学概念复杂性、概念之间语义关系复杂性三方面剖析了军事医学本体构建的难点问题。第三部分,军事医学本体构建的方法研究。首先通过对军事医学知识特点的分析,阐述了军事医学本体构建需要遵循的原则,指出了其必须满足本体构建的一般性原则、医学本体构建的通则以及军事医学本体构建的特殊性原则。然后探讨了军事医学本体的构建方法,从军事医学知识组织的实际出发,提出了军事医学本体构建需要采用的方法主要包括本体论方法、文献计量法、语义分析法和专家调查法。第四部分,军事医学本体构建的示范研究。本部分在军事医学本体构建的理论和方法研究基础上,以军事医学顶层本体构建为实例,设计并构建了军事医学顶层本体模型框架及概念间的语义关系。首先提出了军事医学顶层本体构建的步骤,包括确定研究的领域和范围、复用现有本体、核心概念集的选取、建立顶层本体模型框架、定义顶层框架的语义关系、顶层本体框架的公理表示6个步骤。然后复用了UMLS语义网络。选取了《军用医学主题词表》族首词、军事医学文献关键词作为军事医学核心概念集,设计了军事医学顶层模型框架的语义类型及其上下级逻辑关系。在继承了UMLS全部56种语义关系的基础上,选取了军队卫生装备学和防原医学两个子学科对军事医学顶层本体语义关系的建立进行了示范。选取了军事医学论著、军事医学文献作为两个子学科顶层语义关系建立的文本集,通过文本分析提取了其中包含的概念间关系,以此建立了军事医学特有的语义关系。最后从军事医学顶层框架的合理性和语义关系的适用性两方面,对军事医学顶层本体构建的结果采用两种方法分别进行了评价。一是采用了基于数据驱动的方法,验证了军事医学顶层本体模型框架是否覆盖了全部实验数据,同时也补充了顶层模型框架包含的概念种类及语义类型之间的语义关系。二是采用了专家调查法对军事医学本体构建的方法及顶层本体构建的结果进行了评价,并依据专家意见修正了部分顶层本体模型框架。
[Abstract]:Military medicine is a special medicine that maintains, restores and promotes the health of soldiers, thus achieving the purpose of protecting, regenerating and improving combat effectiveness. Military medicine originates from the needs of war, based on general medicine, and applies its science and technology to military activities. With the development of science and technology and the development of biological medicine, the emerging disciplines are constantly intersecting; meanwhile, The development and change of weapon equipment and military strategy have constantly put forward new problems of medical support and new needs of health service, which make the development of military medicine growing more and more special. Military medicine is based on general medical science, which contains physiological and pathological basic theories about life, health, disease and injury. It is an important part of military medical knowledge. On this basis, the mechanism of injury and repair, physiological and regulatory factors and the theory of health service are the solid foundation of military medicine. In addition to the exploration of the development of military medicine, the knowledge of military medicine has been extended horizontally to military science, and the special needs of military medicine are needed. The military medical knowledge system is a complex system with multiple elements, multi-dimensional, polymorphic, linear and nonlinear interaction. The traditional knowledge organization, such as the classification method, the subject word list, etc., is a complex system. It is difficult to reveal the multidimensional and complex knowledge system of military medicine. Therefore, it is necessary to organize military medical information in a more scientific way and more advanced technology, realize the acquisition and understanding of the computer, realize the knowledge representation, and then extract the military medical knowledge that people need, thus forming a true and complete knowledge. Ontology, which originated in philosophy, was introduced into the field of knowledge engineering in 1990s. It includes the core knowledge of the domain, describes the domain concepts from the semantic and knowledge layers, and establishes the conceptual model framework. The ontology can discover the hidden or unidentified knowledge in the domain, promote the sharing and reuse of domain knowledge. This ontology is becoming more and more important as a way of knowledge organization. Based on the ontology method, according to the characteristics of military medical knowledge, it designs the classification system of knowledge and accurately depicts the relationship between concepts. It can fully display the knowledge points of military medicine and its internal relations, support multi dimension, visualize and dynamically organize military affairs. Medical knowledge and information resources are used to promote the interaction and analysis of military medical knowledge. On the basis of extensive research on the relevant literature of domestic and foreign ontology, this study has studied the concepts, methods, languages and tools of ontology, combed and selected the methods and tools suitable for the construction of Military Medical Ontology. According to the medical knowledge attribute of military medicine, the integrated medical language system (UMLS) is selected as the reusable ontology, and the efficiency of the construction of military medicine ontology is improved. The related theories of military medical ontology construction are detailedly analyzed and clarified. And method, put forward a set of feasible technical path for the construction of military medicine ontology, and finally take the top body of military medicine as the foothold, and carry out demonstration research and demonstration on the construction of military medicine ontology. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are divided into four parts. Part one, the situation of ontology research theory and practice basis. It focuses on the origin, concept connotation and classification of ontology, compares 7 kinds of ontology construction methods, 3 kinds of ontology language, analyses the use standard of ontology construction tools, provides theoretical and technical support for the construction of military medicine ontology. It also analyzes 3 typical general top-level ontology, 4 kinds of foreign typical biomedical ontology and 2 species. The typical biomedical ontology in China, compared and analyzed their successful experience, laid the foundation for the reuse of the ontology. The second part, the theoretical discussion of the construction of military medicine ontology. First, it compares the general top layer ontology, the relationship between the general medical ontology and the military medical ontology, and clarify the related concepts of the construction of military medicine ontology. Then, it explains the related concepts of the construction of military medicine. The necessity of the construction of military medicine ontology is described, and the present situation of military medical terminology standards is analyzed in detail. The 4 categories of terminology standards are compared and analyzed, and the problems are summarized. Finally, the military medical books are analyzed from the complexity of the knowledge of military medicine, the complexity of the concept of military medicine and the complexity of the semantic relations between the concepts in three aspects. The third part, the method research of the construction of military medicine ontology. First, through the analysis of the characteristics of military medical knowledge, this paper expounds the principles that should be followed in the construction of military medicine ontology, points out the general principles that must satisfy the construction of the ontology, the general rule of the construction of medical science and the construction of the military medicine noumenon. The construction method of military medicine ontology is discussed. From the reality of military medical knowledge organization, the methods of ontology construction of military medicine mainly include ontology, bibliometrics, semantic analysis and expert investigation. The fourth part, the demonstration research of the construction of military medicine ontology. On the basis of the theory and methods of the construction of military medicine ontology, based on the construction of the top ontology of military medicine as an example, the framework of the top level noumenon model of military medicine and the semantic relationship between the concepts are designed and constructed. First, the steps of the construction of the top ontology of military medicine are put forward, including the determination of the field and scope of the research, and the reuse of the existing ontology. The core concept set is selected, the top level ontology model frame is set up, the semantic relation of the top layer framework is defined, the axiom of the top level ontology framework is expressed in 6 steps. Then the UMLS semantic network is reused. The military medical topic word list > family head word, the military medical literature key words as the core concept set of military medicine are selected, and the military medical top is designed. The semantic type and the upper and lower logical relation of the layer model frame. On the basis of inheriting all 56 semantic relations of UMLS, two sub disciplines of military medical equipment and anti original medicine are selected to demonstrate the establishment of the semantic relation of the top ontology of military medicine. The military medical literature and military medical literature are selected as two sub studies. The semantic relation of the top layer is set up. Through the text analysis, the relationship between the concepts is extracted and the special semantic relation of military medicine is established. Finally, from the two aspects of the rationality of the military medical top framework and the applicability of the semantic relation, the results of the construction of the Military Medical top layer are divided into two methods respectively. First, the method based on data driven is used to verify whether the top level ontology model framework of military medicine covers all the experimental data, and it also supplements the category of concepts and semantic relations between the top level model framework and semantic types. Two it is the method of using the expert investigation method to construct the military medical ontology and the method of using the expert investigation method and the method of the construction of the military medicine ontology. The results of top-level ontology construction are evaluated, and some top level ontology model framework is revised according to expert opinions.
【学位授予单位】：中国人民解放军军事医学科学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R82
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本文编号：2004892