潜水减压模型研究及氦氧潜水减压算法构建

发布时间：2018-06-17 21:58

本文选题：减压理论 + 减压模型　；参考：《第二军医大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：减压潜水后均需要遵循合理的减压方案以安全回到常压环境。这些减压方案常常以减压表的形式呈现,而这些减压表的背后则是基于不同减压模型的减压算法。1908年,英国生理学家Haldane首次提出了用于潜水减压的理论和模型,并以此计算了空气潜水减压表。然而,实践结果表明,Haldane模型计算的减压表,其DCS的发病率比较高,安全性有待改善。随着潜水减压研究的深入,在减压模型和理论上推陈出新,减压模型已经发生了很大的变化。国内对潜水减压理论和模型少有关注,缺乏相关的理论积累。随着海洋资源开发步伐的加快、军事作业向深蓝进军及休闲潜水的日趋风靡,潜水活动深度和停留时间范围仍在拓展;在军事潜水作业中,对于紧急打捞作业的效率和安全性不断有新的要求;而休闲潜水中反复潜水、逆向潜水、多天潜水、潜水后乘坐飞行器等复杂情况日趋频繁。所有这些,使得当前国内的潜水减压技术已无法满足要求,需要从减压理论和算法模型源头建立我国在本领域的理论体系,并根据实践需求构建科学先进的算法模型。本项目首先研究了潜水减压理论的发展史,进而通过Haldane恒定过饱和安全系数、依深度和组织而不同的M值及溶解气体及自由气体发展,系统解析了传统及现代两大减压理论的特点及优劣和惰性气体在体内运动的生理及物理模拟规律。其次,通过逐个解析一个世纪来研发的重要的减压模型,理解其生理学依据,根据其科学性和在实践中的应用成效,科学论证传统溶解相气体模型和现代自由相气泡模型优劣,为新模型开发提供有益思路。溶解气体模型的减压负荷主要基于组织惰性气体过饱和程度估算,气泡模型减压负荷基于过饱和导致的气泡数目或者气泡体积。因而,两者产生的减压方案差别比较明显,溶解气体模型建议减压第一站越靠近水面越好,而气泡模型建议第一停留站深度较深以限制组织已有气泡相的增长。而依托潜水数据库形成的的概率性优化方法,又可使得原有模型能够在考虑其实践应用结果后进一步得到优化,逐步提升安全性。最后,基于对传统和现代减压理论、算法模型的综合剖析理解,构建潜水减压计算方法,并针对大深度氦氧潜水减压问题,通过合理缩减第一站GF(gradientfactor,GF)进而增加第一站深度,降低自由气体体积快速增加的风险,同时扩大最后站GF以此适当缩减停留时间,在保证减压效率的情况下降低减压病发生风险。可以预见,新方法在大深度潜水减压时将比传统方法更安全;与现代减压模型相比,则计算过程要简单的多,更适于潜水电脑实时计算。
[Abstract]:After decompression diving, it is necessary to follow a reasonable decompression scheme to safely return to the atmospheric environment. These decompression schemes are often presented in the form of a pressure relief table, and behind these pressure relief tables are based on the decompression algorithm based on different decompression models.1908, the British physiologist Haldane first proposed the theory and model for submersible decompression. The air diving pressure relief meter is calculated. However, the practical results show that the pressure reduction meter calculated by the Haldane model, the incidence of DCS is high, and the security needs to be improved. With the deep study of submersible decompression, the decompression model and theory have been put forward, and the decompression model has changed greatly. There are few theories and models for diving decompression in China. With the rapid development of marine resources development, the military operations are becoming increasingly popular in the deep blue marching and leisure diving, the depth of the diving activities and the range of stay are still expanding; in the military diving operation, the efficiency and safety of the emergency salvage operation are constantly new requirements; and the recreational diving is in the middle of the scuba diving. Complex diving, reverse dive, multi day diving, and diving aircraft after diving are becoming more and more complicated. All this makes the current domestic diving decompression technology can not meet the requirements. We need to establish our theoretical system in this field from the theory of decompression and the source of the algorithm model, and build a scientific and advanced algorithm model according to the practical needs. This project first studies the development history of the theory of submersible decompression, and then analyzes the characteristics and advantages and disadvantages of the traditional and modern two major decompression theories and the physical and physical simulation rules of the inert gas in the body through the Haldane constant supersaturation safety factor, the different M values of depth and organization and the development of dissolved gases and free gases. Secondly, by analyzing the important decompression model for a century by one century and understanding its physiological basis, according to its scientific and practical application, the traditional dissolved phase gas model and the modern free phase bubble model are scientifically proved to provide useful ideas for the development of the new model. The stress relief load of the dissolved gas model is the main method. Based on the estimation of the degree of supersaturation of the tissue inert gas, the pressure reduction load of the bubble model is based on the number of bubbles or bubble volume caused by the supersaturation. Therefore, the difference of the decompression scheme is obvious. The dissolved gas model suggests that the first station near the water surface is better, and the bubble model suggests the depth of the first stop station to limit the group. With the growth of the existing bubble phase, the probabilistic optimization method based on the dive database can make the original model be optimized and gradually improve the safety after considering the practical application results. Finally, based on the comprehensive analysis and understanding of the traditional and modern decompression theory and the algorithm model type, the calculation formula for diving decompression is constructed. In order to reduce the risk of rapid increase of the volume of free gas by reducing the first station GF (gradientfactor, GF) and increasing the depth of the first station to reduce the risk of rapid increase of free gas volume, the final station GF is expanded to reduce the residence time and reduce the risk of decompression sickness to reduce the risk of decompression sickness. The new method is safer than the traditional method in deep diving decompression; compared with the modern decompression model, the calculation process is much simpler and is more suitable for the real-time calculation of the diving computer.
【学位授予单位】：第二军医大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R84;R-332

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