间断性人工重力以抗失重对骨骼肌与心肌不良影响的模拟实验研究
发布时间：2018-08-02 16:56
【摘要】： 在航天失重（或“微重力”）环境停留可引起机体多个系统发生一 系列适应性改变和一些病理生理性变化。心血管失调（Cardiovascular deconditioning）及骨骼肌（特别是抗重力肌）萎缩和肌力下降等均属失重的 “不良影响”，不仅影响航天人员在空间的舱外活动能力，也可影响其返回再 入大气层及着陆时的应急能力与安全。迄今已采用过的对抗措施有运动、企鹅 服、下体负压（LBNP，Chibis服）、水盐补充、抗荷服、营养、药物及电流刺 激肌肉等。但基于运动的对抗措施尚存在效果局限、占时较长（2～4h/d）、消 耗物资与能源较多等缺点。为实现新世纪长时间“探险级”载人航天任务，采 用以人工重力为基础的多系统对抗措施似是唯一出路。由短臂离心机实现的 “间断性人工重力”（Intermittent artificial gravity, IAG）是设想中的 一种方案。但IAG最终可否用于航天实际，首先还必须阐明以下基本问题：① 间断性人工重力对失重对心血管与骨骼肌等生理系统的不利影响是否具有全 面的对抗作用？②每昼夜所必需的最低有效G值、最短暴露时间、实施频次， 究为多少合宜？③如何优化间断性人工重力方案及结合采取其他有关对抗措 施？ 为了回答第一个问题，我们以“尾部悬吊后肢卸荷大鼠模型”模拟失重 第四旱巨大学刃士学位论文 一 的生理影响，以叫5头高位倾斜mUTL站立uTD）或离心机旋转uM）？ 种方式模拟不同G值、不同作用方向的间断性人工重力作用，并观察其对后肢 骨骼肌萎缩与心肌收缩功能降低是否具有减轻／防止作用。实验共分两个部分： ①第一部分以肌肉的湿重，I、11型肌纤维横截面积化SA）及 1型肌纤维比 例，以及毛细血管数／肌纤维数比值Co）为指标，观察 HUT门 h川或。lh川＼ STD（lh／d、2 h／d或 4 h／d）或“N（l．5或 2．6－G；／lh／d）对 4周模拟夫 重大鼠后肢比目鱼肌G L胖肠肌内与外侧头几G与m）及趾长伸肌KI）l。） 的作用；蹈肌叩LA）与腔前肌门A）则仅从骨骼肌湿重变化进行了观察。② 第二部分实验以灌流乳头肌的等长收缩与时程参数为指标，观察钉D门卜小 2 h／d或 4 h川）对 4周模拟失重大鼠心肌收缩性能降低是否具有对抗作用。 同时还对三种模拟间断性人工重力大鼠模型的一般状况，特别是生长曲线／肾 上腺及睾丸湿重的变化进行了比较。 本工作的主要发现如下： 1 一般状况 4周模拟实验期间，模拟失重组GUS）体重增长与问步 ＄r 照组u）无显著差别；但各种对抗措施对体重增长均有一定影响，尤以 SUS＋HUT（4 h／d）及“S＋CEN（2．6G／h．d）组为甚。模拟实验 4周后，各乡 大 鼠肾上腺湿重均与CON无显著差别，表明大鼠所受到的一般性应激较小；但各 组睾丸湿重均较CON显著降低，且各组间无显著差别。 2对抗后肢骨骼肌萎缩变化的效果 2．l 模拟失重4周后，除TA外，其余5种肌肉的湿重或相对重量均显 著降低，其中以慢肌纤维为主的SOL及MG的萎缩程度明显大于以快肌纤维为 主的 PLA及 EDL；各骨骼肌 1型肌纤维 CSA的减小最为显著，11型肌纤维 C“ 除EDL外余均显著减小。 2．2从肌肉重量变化看：每日不同时间的站立、何5”头高位倾斜或离心 IV ／ 1 第四军巨大学刃士学位论文 一 机转动对SOL湿重的减轻变化均有随作用时间延长而加大的显著对抗效果；对 TA以外其余各骨骼肌，，只有相对重量的减轻变化显示随作用时间而加大的显 著对抗效果。4 h川的站立或头高位倾斜已可完全防止模拟失重大鼠各骨骼肌 相对重量的减轻变化。 2．3 从肌纤维变化看：2 h／d、4 h川的站立或＋45“头高位倾＄1基本叶 防止各骨骼肌 1、11型肌纤维 CSA减小，I型肌纤维比例下降及 C八比值的变 化。 2．4 G值增大对抗效果反而
[Abstract]:Stopping in space weightlessness (or "microgravity") can cause multiple systems in the body to occur.
A series of adaptive changes and some pathophysiological changes. Cardiovascular disorders (Cardiovascular
Deconditioning) and skeletal muscle (especially the anti gravity muscle) atrophy and muscle strength decline are all weightlessness.
"Adverse effects" not only affect astronauts' ability to extravehicular activity in space, but also affect their return.
The ability to enter the atmosphere and to respond to landings. Safety measures have been adopted so far.
Clothes, LBNP (Chibis), water and salt supplement, anti G suit, nutrition, medicine and electric current.
Muscle resistance and so on. However, the motion based countermeasures still have limited effect, and occupy a longer time (2 ~ 4h/d).
There are many disadvantages, such as material and energy consumption. In order to achieve the "expedition stage" manned spaceflight mission in the new century, we have to take the task of "Exploring" manned space missions in the new century.
The multi system countermeasure based on artificial gravity seems to be the only way out. It is realized by a short arm centrifuge.
Intermittent artificial gravity (IAG) is conceived.
A scheme. But whether IAG can eventually be applied to aerospace reality, we must first clarify the following basic problems:
Does intermittent artificial gravity have all the negative effects of weightlessness on physiological systems such as cardiovascular and skeletal muscles?
2. The minimum effective G value, the shortest exposure time and the frequency of implementation necessary for each day and night.
How appropriate is it? Third, how to optimize the intermittent artificial gravity scheme and take other countermeasures.
Shi?
To answer the first question, we simulated weightlessness with the tail suspended rat model.
Fourth Yoshi University's Blade
One
Physiological effects, called 5 head tilt mUTL standing uTD) or centrifuge rotating uM?
The intermittent artificial gravity with different G values and different directions of action was simulated, and the hindlimb was observed.
Whether skeletal muscle atrophy and myocardial systolic function decrease can be alleviated or prevented. The experiment is divided into two parts.
(1) the wet weight of the muscle, the cross-sectional area of I, type 11 muscle fibers and the ratio of type 1 to muscle fiber were used in the first part of the SA.
For example, the ratio of capillaries / muscle fibers to Co was taken as an index, and HUT gate h Chuan or.Lh Chuan] was observed.
STD (LH / D, 2 h / D or 4 h / D) or N (l.5 or 2. 6 g / LH / D) for 4 weeks simulation husband.
Major hind leg soleus muscles G L fat intestines and lateral m G and m) and extensor digitorum longus extensor muscle L.
The effect of LA on the muscle and A of the anterior chamber muscle was observed only from the change of the wet weight of skeletal muscle.
In the second part, we measured the isometric and time parameters of papillary muscles, and observed the D.
2 h / D or 4 h Chuan) had antagonistic effect on the cardiac contractility of 4 week simulated weightlessness rats.
At the same time, the general situation of three simulated intermittent artificial gravity rat models, especially the growth curve / kidney, was also discussed.
The changes in wet weight of the upper glands and testicles were compared.
The main findings of this work are as follows:
1 general condition 4 week simulation period, simulated loss of reorganization GUS) weight gain and ask step R
There was no significant difference in group u, but all kinds of countermeasures had a certain effect on weight gain.
SUS + HUT (4 h / D) and "S + CEN (2.6G / H.D) group" were very simulated. After 4 weeks of simulation test, all the townships
There was no significant difference in wet weight between adrenal glands and CON, indicating that the general stress of rats was smaller.
The wet weight of testis was significantly lower than that of CON, and there was no significant difference between groups.
Effect of 2 antagonism on the changes of skeletal muscle atrophy in the hind limbs
After 2.l simulated weightlessness for 4 weeks, except for TA, the wet weight or relative weight of the other 5 muscles were obvious.
The SOL and MG atrophy of slow muscle fibers were significantly larger than those of fast muscle fibers.
The main PLA and EDL; the CSA of skeletal muscle 1 type muscle fibers decreased most significantly; type 11 muscle fiber C "
Except for EDL, all of them decreased significantly.
2.2 from the change of muscle weight: standing at different times of day, "5" head tilt or centrifugation.
IV
/
One
The Fourth Army's great university's Blade
One
The effect of rotation on the wet weight of SOL increased significantly with the prolongation of the time.
The reduction in relative weight of all skeletal muscle other than TA showed a significant increase with time.
The antagonism effect of.4 h Chuan's standing or head tilt can completely prevent skeletal muscle in simulated weightlessness rats.
A reduction in relative weight.
2.3 from the change of muscle fiber: 2 h / D, 4 h Sichuan standing or + 45 "head high tilt $1 Basic leaf."
Prevent the decrease of 1,11 type muscle fiber CSA, the decrease of I type muscle fiber ratio and the change of C eight ratio.
Change.
2.4 G value increases antagonism
【学位授予单位】：第四军医大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：R852.22
本文编号：2160080
[Abstract]:Stopping in space weightlessness (or "microgravity") can cause multiple systems in the body to occur.
A series of adaptive changes and some pathophysiological changes. Cardiovascular disorders (Cardiovascular
Deconditioning) and skeletal muscle (especially the anti gravity muscle) atrophy and muscle strength decline are all weightlessness.
"Adverse effects" not only affect astronauts' ability to extravehicular activity in space, but also affect their return.
The ability to enter the atmosphere and to respond to landings. Safety measures have been adopted so far.
Clothes, LBNP (Chibis), water and salt supplement, anti G suit, nutrition, medicine and electric current.
Muscle resistance and so on. However, the motion based countermeasures still have limited effect, and occupy a longer time (2 ~ 4h/d).
There are many disadvantages, such as material and energy consumption. In order to achieve the "expedition stage" manned spaceflight mission in the new century, we have to take the task of "Exploring" manned space missions in the new century.
The multi system countermeasure based on artificial gravity seems to be the only way out. It is realized by a short arm centrifuge.
Intermittent artificial gravity (IAG) is conceived.
A scheme. But whether IAG can eventually be applied to aerospace reality, we must first clarify the following basic problems:
Does intermittent artificial gravity have all the negative effects of weightlessness on physiological systems such as cardiovascular and skeletal muscles?
2. The minimum effective G value, the shortest exposure time and the frequency of implementation necessary for each day and night.
How appropriate is it? Third, how to optimize the intermittent artificial gravity scheme and take other countermeasures.
Shi?
To answer the first question, we simulated weightlessness with the tail suspended rat model.
Fourth Yoshi University's Blade
One
Physiological effects, called 5 head tilt mUTL standing uTD) or centrifuge rotating uM?
The intermittent artificial gravity with different G values and different directions of action was simulated, and the hindlimb was observed.
Whether skeletal muscle atrophy and myocardial systolic function decrease can be alleviated or prevented. The experiment is divided into two parts.
(1) the wet weight of the muscle, the cross-sectional area of I, type 11 muscle fibers and the ratio of type 1 to muscle fiber were used in the first part of the SA.
For example, the ratio of capillaries / muscle fibers to Co was taken as an index, and HUT gate h Chuan or.Lh Chuan] was observed.
STD (LH / D, 2 h / D or 4 h / D) or N (l.5 or 2. 6 g / LH / D) for 4 weeks simulation husband.
Major hind leg soleus muscles G L fat intestines and lateral m G and m) and extensor digitorum longus extensor muscle L.
The effect of LA on the muscle and A of the anterior chamber muscle was observed only from the change of the wet weight of skeletal muscle.
In the second part, we measured the isometric and time parameters of papillary muscles, and observed the D.
2 h / D or 4 h Chuan) had antagonistic effect on the cardiac contractility of 4 week simulated weightlessness rats.
At the same time, the general situation of three simulated intermittent artificial gravity rat models, especially the growth curve / kidney, was also discussed.
The changes in wet weight of the upper glands and testicles were compared.
The main findings of this work are as follows:
1 general condition 4 week simulation period, simulated loss of reorganization GUS) weight gain and ask step R
There was no significant difference in group u, but all kinds of countermeasures had a certain effect on weight gain.
SUS + HUT (4 h / D) and "S + CEN (2.6G / H.D) group" were very simulated. After 4 weeks of simulation test, all the townships
There was no significant difference in wet weight between adrenal glands and CON, indicating that the general stress of rats was smaller.
The wet weight of testis was significantly lower than that of CON, and there was no significant difference between groups.
Effect of 2 antagonism on the changes of skeletal muscle atrophy in the hind limbs
After 2.l simulated weightlessness for 4 weeks, except for TA, the wet weight or relative weight of the other 5 muscles were obvious.
The SOL and MG atrophy of slow muscle fibers were significantly larger than those of fast muscle fibers.
The main PLA and EDL; the CSA of skeletal muscle 1 type muscle fibers decreased most significantly; type 11 muscle fiber C "
Except for EDL, all of them decreased significantly.
2.2 from the change of muscle weight: standing at different times of day, "5" head tilt or centrifugation.
IV
/
One
The Fourth Army's great university's Blade
One
The effect of rotation on the wet weight of SOL increased significantly with the prolongation of the time.
The reduction in relative weight of all skeletal muscle other than TA showed a significant increase with time.
The antagonism effect of.4 h Chuan's standing or head tilt can completely prevent skeletal muscle in simulated weightlessness rats.
A reduction in relative weight.
2.3 from the change of muscle fiber: 2 h / D, 4 h Sichuan standing or + 45 "head high tilt $1 Basic leaf."
Prevent the decrease of 1,11 type muscle fiber CSA, the decrease of I type muscle fiber ratio and the change of C eight ratio.
Change.
2.4 G value increases antagonism
【学位授予单位】：第四军医大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：R852.22
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 郭树攀;冬眠阵与达乌尔黄鼠冬眠期抗废用性肌萎缩机制的关系探讨[D];西北大学;2010年
本文编号：2160080
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